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Chapter 2: Q2-59E (page 59)

We鈥檒l see in the next chapter that organic molecules can be classified according to the functional groups they contain, where a functional group is a collection of atoms with a characteristic chemical reactivity. Use the electronegativity values given in Figure 2-2 on page 29 to predict the direction of polarization of the following functional groups.

Short Answer

Expert verified

a. In ketone the direction of polarization from carbon to oxygen.

b. Direction of polarization from carbon to oxygen in Carbon-Oxygen bond.

Direction of Polarization from hydrogen to oxygen in Oxygen-hydrogen bond.

c. Direction of polarization from C鈫�Oin Carbon-Oxygen bond.

Direction of Polarization from C鈫�Nin Carbon-Nitrogen bond.

d. In ketone the direction of polarizationC鈫�N from carbon to nitrogen.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Direction of Polarization

At which atom maximum amount of electron density is shifting in a specified bond is represented by direction of polarisation.

Direction of polarisation is always from less electronegative atom to more electronegative atom.

02

(a) Try to find which is having more electronegativity

In carbonyl bond more electronegative atom is oxygen and less electronegative atom is Carbon.

Direction of polarisation is fromC鈫�O

03

(b) Try to find which is having more electronegativity

In carbonyl bond more electronegative atom is oxygen and less electronegative atom is Carbon.

Direction of polarisation is fromC鈫�O andO鈫�H

04

(c) Try to find which is having more electronegativity

In carbonyl bond, more electronegative atom is oxygen and less electronegative atom is Carbon.

In carbon nitrogen bond, more electronegative is nitrogen and less electronegative atom is carbon.

Direction of polarisation is fromC鈫�O

Direction of Polarization fromC鈫�N

05

(d) Try to find which is having more electronegativity

In carbonyl bond more electronegative atom is oxygen and less electronegative atom is Nitrogen.

Direction of polarisation is fromC鈫�N

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Assign formal charges to the atoms in each of the following molecules:

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b.

c.

Will either of the following reactions take place to a significant extent as written, according to the data in Table 2-3?

a) HCN+CH3CO2-Na+鈫�Na+-CN+CH3CO2H? b) CH3CH2OH+Na+-CN鈫�CH3CH2O-Na++HCN?

Question: Calculate the formal charges on the atoms shown in red.

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