Chapter 23: Q35E (page 783)
Isoleucine, another of the twenty amino acids found in proteins, metabolized by a pathway that includes the following step. Propose a mechanism.

Short Answer
Isoleucine is metabolized by the given pathway.
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Chapter 23: Q35E (page 783)
Isoleucine, another of the twenty amino acids found in proteins, metabolized by a pathway that includes the following step. Propose a mechanism.

Isoleucine is metabolized by the given pathway.
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What enone product would you expect from aldol condensation of each of the following compounds?

Which of the following compounds are aldol condensation products? What is the aldehyde or ketone precursor of each?
(a) 2-Hydroxy-2-methylpentanal (b) 5-Ethyl-4-methyl-4-hepten-3-one
Knoevenagel condensation is a reaction involving an active methylene compound (a CH2 flanked by two electron-withdrawing groups) and an aldehyde and ketone. Propose a mechanism for the reaction below.

Show how you would synthesize the following compound using an aldol reaction:

Based on your answers to Problem 23-27, predict the dehydration product for each reaction and provide the mechanism.
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