91Ó°ÊÓ

Draw an energy diagram for a one-step reaction with ${\mathbf{K}}_{\mathrm{eq}}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{1}$. Label the parts of the diagram corresponding to reactants, products, transition state, ${\mathbf{Δ³Ò}}^o$, and${\mathbf{Δ³Ò}}^{\#}$ . Is${\mathbf{Δ³Ò}}^o$ positive or negative?

Draw an energy diagram for a two-step reaction with${\mathbf{K}}_{\mathrm{eq}}$ > 1. Label the overall ${\mathbf{Δ³Ò}}^o$, transition states, and intermediate. Is${\mathbf{Δ³Ò}}^o$ positive or negative?

Draw an energy diagram for a two-step exergonic reaction whose second step is faster than its first step.

Draw an energy diagram for a reaction with ${\mathbf{K}}_{\mathrm{eq}}\mathbf{=}\mathbf{1}$ . What is the value of ${\mathbf{Δ³Ò}}^o$ in this reaction?

The addition of water to ethylene to yield ethanol has the following thermodynamic parameters:

(a) Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic?

(b) Is the reaction favorable (spontaneous) or unfavorable (nonspontaneous) at room temperature (298 K)?

When isopropylidenecyclohexane is treated with strong acid at room

temperature, isomerization occurs by the mechanism shown below to yield 1-isopropylcyclohexene:

At equilibrium, the product mixture contains about 30% isopropylidene- cyclohexane and about 70% 1-isopropylcyclohexene.

(a)What is an approximate value of K_eq for the reaction?

(b)Since the reaction occurs slowly at room temperature, what is its approximate$∆$G‡?

(c)Draw an energy diagram for the reaction.

Draw the electron-pushing mechanism for each radical reaction below. Identify each step as initiation, propagation, or termination.

(a)

b)

c)

Draw the complete mechanism for each polar reaction below.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Despite the limitations of radical chlorination of alkanes, the reaction is still useful for synthesizing certain halogenated compounds. For which of the following compounds does radical chlorination give a single monochloro product?

Draw all of the different monochlorinated products one would obtain by the radical chlorination of these compounds. (Do not consider the stereochemistry of the products in your answer.)