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Chapter 42: Q. 13 (page 1236)
Use the potential-energy diagram in Figureto estimate the strength of the strong force between two nucleons separated by .
The strong force between the two nucleons separated by is
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Calculate (in ) the binding energy per nucleon for and . Which is more tightly bound?
What energy (in MeV) alpha particle has a de Broglie wavelength equal to the diameter of nucleus?
The plutonium isotope 239 Pu has a half-life of 24,000 years and decays by the emission of a 5.2 MeV alpha particle. Plutonium is not especially dangerous if handled because the activity is low and the alpha radiation doesn鈥檛 penetrate the skin. However, there are serious health concerns if even the tiniest particles of plutonium are inhaled and lodge deep in the lungs. This could happen following any kind of fire or explosion that disperses plutonium as dust. Let鈥檚 determine the level of danger. a. Soot particles are roughly 1 mm in diameter, and it is known that these particles can go deep into the lungs. How many atoms are in a 1.0@mm@diameter particle of 239 Pu? The density of plutonium is 19,800 kg/m3 . b. What is the activity, in Bq, of a 1.0@mm@diameter particle? c. The activity of the particle is very small, but the penetrating power of alpha particles is also very small. The alpha particles are all stopped, and each deposits its energy in a 50@mm@diameter sphere around the particle. What is the dose, in mSv/year, to this small sphere of tissue in the lungs? Assume that the tissue density is that of water. d. Is this exposure likely to be significant? How does it compare to the natural background of radiation exposure?
1.5 Gy of gamma radiation are directed into a 150 g tumour
during radiation therapy. How much energy does the tumour
absorb?
a. Draw energy-level diagrams, similar to Figure 42.11, for all nuclei listed in Appendix C. Show all the occupied neutron and proton levels.
b. Which of these nuclei is stable? What is the decay mode of any that are radioactive?
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