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Chapter 42: Q 34 Exercise (page 1237)
1.5 Gy of gamma radiation are directed into a 150 g tumour
during radiation therapy. How much energy does the tumour
absorb?
Hence, tumour absorbs the energy of
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Radioactive isotopes often occur together in mixtures. Suppose a sample contains , with a half-life of , and , with a half-life of localid="1650485393662" . If there are initially twice as many calcium atoms as there are barium atoms, what will be the ratio of calcium atoms to barium atoms localid="1650485404787" weeks later?
A 1 Ci source of radiation is a significant source. 238 U is an alpha emitter. What mass of 238 U has an activity of 1 Ci?
The fact that A cancels means that all nuclei have this density. It is a staggeringly large density, roughly 1014 times larger than the density of familiar liquids and solids. One early objection to Rutherford鈥檚 model of a nuclear atom was that matter simply couldn鈥檛 have a density this high. Although we have no direct experience with such matter, nuclear matter really is this dense .
a. Draw energy-level diagrams, similar to Figure 42.11, for all nuclei listed in Appendix C. Show all the occupied neutron and proton levels.
b. Which of these nuclei is stable? What is the decay mode of any that are radioactive?
137 Cs is a common product of nuclear fission. Suppose an accident spills 550 mCi of 137 Cs in a lab room.
a. What mass of 137 Cs is spilled?
b. If the spill is not cleaned up, how long will it take until the radiation level drops to an acceptable level, for a room this size, of 25 mCi?
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