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Chapter 7: Q7-70E (page 219)

Sketch the transition-state structures involved in the reaction of HBr with 1-pentene (Problem 7-69). Tell whether each structure resembles reactant or product.

Short Answer

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The transition-state structures involved in the reaction between HBr and 1-pentene are,

Step by step solution

01

Transition-state structures

Transition-state structures are unstable structures where all chemical transformations take place.Its lifetime is very short and can be considered a short-lived intermediate.

02

The transition-state structures involved in the reaction of HBr with 1-pentene

For both the reaction paths, the first step, the carbocation formation, is endergonic, and both the transition states have a quite resemblance to carbocation intermediates. The carbocation intermediate is the same for the exergonic second step. The number 1 transition state is for 1-bromopentane and is more like the carbocation intermediate than the number 1 transition state for 2-bromopentane.

Transition states for 1-bromopentane and 2-bromopentane path

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Aromatic compounds such as benzene react with alkyl chlorides in the presence ofAlCl3catalyst to yield alkylbenzenes. This reaction occurs through a carbocation intermediate, formed by reaction of the alkyl chloride withAlCl3.(R-Cl+AlCl3鈫�R++AlCl4-)How can you explain the observation that reaction of benzene with 1-chloropropane yields isopropylbenzene as the major product?

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