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Chapter 6: Problem 6.41 (page 243)

For which of the following reactions is 鈭�S掳a positive value?

a.

b.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer

  1. 鈭�S掳is positive.
  2. No change in 鈭�S掳.

Step by step solution

01

Step-by-Step SolutionStep 1: Entropy Change

The entropy change is the change in the randomness of the system when the reactants undergo a reaction to form products.

Conventionally, the value of entropy 鈭�S掳should be higher for products.

02

Comparison of Entropy for reactants and products

When two reactants combine to form a single product, the disorderliness decreases. Hence, the entropy of the system decreases in going from reactants to products.

When a single reactant dissociates to form two or more products, the randomness in the products increases, hence, the entropy of the products increases, and that is favored.

03

Explanation

  1. Since the number of molecules in the products is more than the number of molecules of reactants the entropy of the products is more. Hence, 鈭�S掳is positive.
  2. The number of molecules of reactants and products is the same. Hence, there is no change in the entropy of the system. So, neither of the products or the reactants are favored.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw an energy diagram for each reaction. Label the axes, the starting material, product, transition state, 螖贬掳, and Ea.

a.a concertedwith 螖贬掳=-80kJ/moland Ea=16kJ/mol.

b. a two-step reaction, A鈫�B鈫�C, in which the relative energy of the compounds is A<C<B, and the step A鈫�Bis rate-determining.

Calculate 螖贬掳 for each oxidation reaction. Each equation is balanced as written; remember to take into account the coefficients in determining the number of bonds broken or formed.

[ 螖贬鈭�for O2=497kJ/mol ; 螖贬鈭�for one C=O in CO2=535kJ/mol]

a.role="math" localid="1648191068323" CH4+2O2鈫�CO2+2H2O

b.2CH4+7O2鈫�4CO2+6H2O

Draw an energy diagram for the Br酶nsted鈥揕owry acid鈥揵ase reaction of CH3CO2Hwith role="math" localid="1648461988307" OC(CH3)to form role="math" localid="1648462071427" CH3CO2and (CH3)3COH. Label the axes, starting materials, products, 螖贬掳, and Ea. Draw the structure of the transition state.

Rank the indicated bonds in order of increasing bond dissociation energy.

Compound A can be converted to either B or C. The energy diagrams for both processes are drawn on the graph below.

  1. Label each reaction as endothermic or exothermic.
  2. Which reaction is faster?
  3. Which reaction generates the product lower in energy?
  4. Which points on the graphs correspond to transition states?
  5. Label the energy of activation for each reaction.
  6. Label the 鈭�H掳 for each reaction.
See all solutions

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