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Chapter 4: Q.10. (page 128)

Question: Give the IUPAC name for each of the five constitutional isomers of molecular formula C6H14 in Problem 4.3.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer

  • Hexane
  • 2-methylpentane
  • 3-methylpentane
  • 2,2-dimethylbutane
  • 2,3-dimethylbutane

Step by step solution

01

IUPAC naming 

Rules for IUPAC naming:

  • The longest chain of carbon atoms is selected.
  • The counting is started from the carbon with maximum substitution.
  • The functional groups are given the highest priority.
02

Isomers of  C6H14

The isomers of the given compound are represented below:

Isomers of C6H14

03

Explanation

  • The IUPAC name of the first isomer is hexane as it has a linear chain.
  • The IUPAC name of the second isomer is 2-methylpentane as it has a chain of five carbons with a methyl group at the second position.
  • The IUPAC name of the third isomer is 3-methylpentane as it has a chain of five carbons with a methyl group at the third position.
  • The IUPAC name of the fourth isomer is 2,2-dimethylbutane as it has a chain of four carbons with two methyl groups at the second position.
  • The IUPAC name of the fifth isomer is 2,3-dimethylbutane as it has a chain of four carbons and two methyl groups at the second and third positions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: Consider the substituted cyclohexane shown in the ball-and-stick model.

  1. Label the substituents on C1, C2, and C4 as axial or equatorial.
  2. Are the substituents on C1 and C2 cis or trans to each other?
  3. Are the substituents on C2 and C4 cis or trans to each other?
  4. Draw the second possible conformation in the chair form, and classify it as more stable or less stable than the conformation shown in the three-dimensional model.

Question: Name each alkane using the ball-and-stick model, and classify each carbon as 10,20,30, or 40.

a.

b.

Question: Label the sites of torsional and steric strain in each conformation.

a.

b.

c.

Question: Although penicillin G has two amide functional groups, one is much more reactive than the other. Which amide is more reactive and why?

Question: Consider 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane.

  1. Draw structures for the cis and trans isomers using a hexagon for the six-membered ring.
  2. Draw the two possible chair conformations for the cis isomer. Which conformation, if either, is more stable?
  3. Draw the two possible chair conformations for the trans isomer. Which conformation, if either, is more stable?
  4. Which isomer, cis or trans, is more stable and why?
See all solutions

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