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Chapter 19: Q. 19 (page 543)
Two cars collide head-on while each is traveling at 80 km/h.
Suppose all their kinetic energy is transformed into the thermal
energy of the wrecks. What is the temperature increase of each
car? You can assume that each car鈥檚 specific heat is that of iron.
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A container holds 1.0 g of argon at a pressure of 8.0 atm.
a. How much heat is required to increase the temperature by 100掳C at constant volume?
b. How much will the temperature increase if this amount of heat energy is transferred to the gas at constant pressure?
52. An ideal-gas process is described by , where is a CALC constant.
a. Find an expression for the work done on the gas in this process as the volume changes from to .
b. of gas at an initial temperature of is compressed, using this process, from to . How much work is done on the gas?
c. What is the final temperature of the gas in ?
of nitrogen gas at STP are adiabatically compressed to a pressure of . What are (a) the final temperature, (b) the work done on the gas, (c) the heat transfer to the gas, and (d) the compression ratio ? (e) Show the process on a diagram, using proper scales on both axes.
The gas cylinder in Figure Q19.10 is well insulated except for the bottom surface, which is in contact with a block of ice.
The piston can slide without friction. The initial gas temperature is
a. During the process that occurs until
the gas reaches a new equilibrium, are
(i) , (ii) W, and (iii) Q greater than, less than, or equal to zero? Explain.
b. Draw a pV diagram showing the process.
You would like to put a solar hot water system on your roof, but you're not sure it's feasible. A reference book on solar energy shows that the ground-level solar intensity in your city is for at least 5 hours a day throughout most of the year. Assuming that a completely black collector plate loses energy only by radiation, and that the air temperature is , what is the equilibrium temperature of a collector plate directly facing the sun? Note that while a plate has two sides, only the side facing the sun will radiate because the opposite side will be well insulated.
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