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Chapter 19: Q. 19 (page 543)
Two cars collide head-on while each is traveling at 80 km/h.
Suppose all their kinetic energy is transformed into the thermal
energy of the wrecks. What is the temperature increase of each
car? You can assume that each car鈥檚 specific heat is that of iron.
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How much work is done on the gas in the process shown in Figure EX19.2?
of nitrogen gas at and an initial pressure of undergo an isobaric expansion until the volume has tripled.
a. What are the gas volume and temperature after the expansion?
b. How much heat energy is transferred to the gas to cause this expansion?
The gas pressure is then decreased at constant volume until the original temperature is reached.
c. What is the gas pressure after the decrease?
d. What amount of heat energy is transferred from the gas as its pressure decreases?
e. Show the total process on a diagram. Provide an appropriate scale on both axes.
A 500 g metal sphere is heated to 300 C, then dropped into a
beaker containing 300 cm3 of mercury at 20.0 C. A short time later
the mercury temperature stabilizes at 99.0 C. Identify the metal.
w
When air is inhaled, it quickly becomes saturated with water vapor as it passes through the moist airways. Consequently, an adult human exhales about 25 mg of evaporated water with each breath. Evaporation鈥攁 phase change鈥攔equires heat, and the heat energy is removed from your body. Evaporation is much like boiling, only water鈥檚 heat of vaporization at 35掳C is a somewhat larger 24 * 105 J/kg because at lower temperatures more energy is required to break the molecular bonds. At 12 breaths/min, on a dry day when the inhaled air has almost no water content, what is the body鈥檚 rate of energy loss (in J/s) due to exhaled water? (For comparison, the energy loss from radiation, usually the largest loss on a cool day, is about 100 J/s.)
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