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The given data is listed below as:

• No of protons in carbon atom is,$\mathrm{a}=6$
• No of electron in carbon atom is,$\mathrm{b}=−6$
• No of neutron in carbon atom is6.
• No of electron in chlorine atom is,$\mathrm{c}=−17$
• No of proton in chlorine atom is,$\mathrm{d}=17$
• After gaining one electron, the no of electron in chlorine atom is,$\mathrm{e}=−18$

The net charge of a system is the sum of the electrons and the protons of that system. Moreover, it is calculated by subtracting the negative charge from the positive charge.

The equation of the net charge of a carbon atom is expressed as:

$\mathrm{E}=\mathrm{a}+\mathrm{b}$

Here,$\mathrm{a}$ is the number of protons in a carbon atom and$\mathbf{b}$ is the number of electrons in a carbon atom.

Substitute the values in the above equation.

$\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{E}=6+(−6)\\ =0\end{array}$

The equation of the net charge of the chloride ion is expressed as:

$\mathrm{F}=\mathrm{d}+\mathrm{e}$

Here,$\mathrm{d}$ is the number of protons in the chlorine atom and$\mathrm{e}$ is the number of electrons in the chlorine atom.

Substitute the values in the above equation.

$\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{F}=17+(−18)\\ =−1\end{array}$

Here,$-1$ is described as the charge of an electron that is$−1.6×{10}^{−19}\text{ C}$ .

Thus, the net charge of carbon atom is $0$, and the net charge of chloride ion is $−1.6×{10}^{−19}\text{ C}$.