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Chapter 14: Q6Q (page 578)

Explain briefly why the attraction between a point charge and a dipole has a different distance dependence for induced dipoles (1/r5 ) than for permanent dipoles (1/r3 ). (You need not explain either situation in full detail: just explain why there is this difference in their behavior.)

Short Answer

Expert verified

The attraction between a point charge and a dipole has a different distance dependence for induced dipoles (1/r5) than for permanent dipoles (1/r3) due to the difference in the nature of the force exerted by the dipoles.

Step by step solution

01

Attraction between a point charge and different types of dipole

When two opposite charges approach each other, they experience anout of attraction that is given by the Coulomb force, depending on the induced nature of the charge and intensity, the attraction will begin to feel more or less between the charges.

02

Reasons for different behavior 

In the case of the attraction between a charge and the permanent dipole, the distance dependence is represented as 1/r3 , and the attraction between a charge and an induced dipole as 1/r5.

In the case of permanent dipoles, the attractive force is shorter than that of induced dipoles because the distortion that occurs due to the point charge is not permanent and happens for a very short period of time. The dipole will find the previous equilibrium, and the attraction will not be there between the permanent dipole and the point charge. But the induced dipole will remain in the same distorted condition as long as the external influence is there.

Thus, the attraction between a point charge and a dipole has a different distance dependence for induced dipoles (1/r5) than for permanent dipoles (1/r3).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

You rub a clear plastic pen with wool, and observe that a strip of invisible tape is attracted to the pen. Assuming that the pen has a net negative charge, which of the following could be true? Select all that apply. (1) The tape might be negatively charged. (2) The tape might be positively charged. (3) The tape might be uncharged. (4) There is not enough information to conclude anything.

You run your finger along the slick side of a positively charged tape, and then observe that the tape is no longer attracted to your hand. Which of the following are not plausible explanations for this observation? Check all that apply. (1) Sodium ions (Na+) from the salt water on your skin move onto the tape, leaving the tape with a zero (or very small) net charge. (2) Electrons from the mobile electron sea in your hand move onto the tape, leaving the tape with a zero (or very small) net charge. (3) Chloride ions (CI-) from the salt water on your skin move onto the tape, leaving the tape with a zero (or very small) net charge. (4) Protons are pulled out of the nuclei of atoms in the tape and move onto your finger.

You observe that a negatively charged plastic pen repels a charged piece of invisible tape. You then observe that the same piece of tape is repelled when brought near a metal sphere. You are wearing rubber-soled shoes, and you touch the metal sphere with your hand. After you touch the metal sphere, you observe that the tape is attracted to the metal sphere. Which of the following statements could be true? Check all that apply. (1) Electrons from the sphere traveled through your body into the Earth. (2) Electrons from the sphere moved into the salt water on your skin, where they reacted with sodium ions. (3) After you touched it, the metal sphere was very nearly neutral. (4) Chloride ions from the salt water on your hand moved onto the sphere. (5) The excess negative charge from the sphere spread out all over your body. (6) Electrons from your hand moved onto the sphere. (7) Sodium ions from the salt water on your hand moved onto the sphere.

Which of the following could be reasonable explanations for how a piece of invisible tape gets charged? Select all that apply. (1) Protons are pulled out of nuclei in one tape and transferred to another tape. (2) Charged molecular fragments are broken off one tape and transferred to another. (3) Electrons are pulled out of molecules in one tape and transferred to another tape. (4) Neutrons are pulled out of nuclei in one tape and transferred to another tape.

You rub a plastic comb through your hair and it now carries a charge of -4脳10-10C. What is the charge on your hair?
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