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Chapter 14: Q18Q (page 579)

Can you charge a piece of plastic by induction? Explain, using diagram. Compare with the amount of charging obtained when you charge a piece of metal by induction.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The piece of plastic would not be charged by the induction process.

The amount of charging by the induction method for a piece of metal is more than charging a piece of plastic.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the charging by induction

In this problem, the concept of charging a plastic piece with the help of the induction phenomenon is discussed. This type of charging occurs without any physical contact between a charged object and an uncharged object.

02

Analysis of whether a piece of plastic can be charged by induction or not

A piece of plastic comes under the category of insulating material and insulators are not able to move/flow electric charge through it. So the piece of plastic generally cannot be charged by the induction method.

A schematic of charging a metallic conductor piece by induction method is represented below.

Here, A is the metal sphere and B is the plastic rod. And E and F denote the locations of negative and positive charges.

Let us consider a neutral metal sphere and a negatively charged plastic rod. From the above figure, if the negatively charged plastic rod comes closure to the neutral sphere, then separation of charge takes place/ occurs.

The positive charges in the sphere get attracted towards the plastic rod and move to one end of the sphere that is closer to the plastic rod.

Thus, the piece of plastic would not be charged by the induction process.

03

Comparison of the amount of charging obtained when charging a piece of metal comparison to a piece of plastic by induction

The charging process of a type of neutral object/ piece by bringing closure to another type of charged object without any direct contact refers to induction charging. To understand the charging of a piece of plastic or a piece of metal, the nature of the conductor and polarization process is important.

As a piece of plastic is an insulator, whereas a piece of metal is a conductor, the amount of charging obtained by induction for a piece of metal is more than the amount of charging of a piece of plastic by the induction process.

Thus, the amount of charging by the induction method for a piece of metal is more than charging a piece of plastic.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Here is a variant of 鈥渃harging by induction.鈥� Place two uncharged metal objects so as to touch each other, one behind the other. Call them front object and back object. While you hold a charged comb in front of the front object, your partner moves away the back object (handling it through an insulator so as not to discharge it). Now you move the comb away. Explain this process. Use only labeled diagrams in your explanation (no prose!).

: A thin, hollow spherical plastic shell of radius \({\bf{R}}\)carries a uniformly distributed negative charge \({\bf{ - Q}}\). A slice through the plastic shell is shown in Figure 14.95. To the left of the spherical shell are four charges packed closely together as shown (the distance \({\bf{s}}\) is shown greatly enlarged for clarity). The distance from the center of the four charges to the center of the plastic shell is \({\bf{L}}\) , which is much larger than \({\bf{s}}\left( {{\bf{L}} \gg {\bf{s}}} \right)\). Remember that a uniformly charged sphere makes an electric field as though all the charge were concentrated at the center of the sphere.

(a)Calculate the \({\bf{x}}\) and \({\bf{y}}\) components of the electric field at location B, a distance \({\bf{b}}\) to the right of the outer surface of the plastic shell. Explain briefly, including showing the electric field on a diagram. Your results should not contain any symbols other than the given quantities \({\bf{R,Q,q,s,L}}\), and \({\bf{b}}\)(and fundamental constants). You need not simplify the final algebraic results except for taking into account the fact that \({\bf{L}} \gg {\bf{s}}\).

(b)What simplifying assumption did you have to make in part (a)?

(c)The plastic shell is removed and replaced by an uncharged metal ball, as in Figure 14.96. At location Ainside the metal ball, a distance \({\bf{b}}\)to the left of the outer surface of the ball, accurately draw and label the electric field\({{\bf{\vec E}}_{{\bf{ball}}}}\) due to the ball charges and the electric field \({{\bf{\vec E}}_{\bf{4}}}\) of the four charges. Explain briefly.

(d)Show the distribution of ball charges.

(e)Calculate the \({\bf{x}}\) and \({\bf{y}}\) components of the net electric field at location A.

A student asked, "Since the positive nucleus of the atom is hidden inside a negative electron cloud, why doesn't all matter appear to be negatively charged?" Explain to the student the flaw in this reasoning.

A positively charged sphere is placed near a neutral block of nickel, as shown in Figure 14.92. (a) Which of the diagrams in Figure 14.93 best represents the equilibrium distribution of charge on the neutral nickel block?

(b) At location P inside the nickel block the electric field due to the charged sphere is <-625,0,0>N/C. At equilibrium, which of the following statements must be true? (1) It is not possible to determine the electric field at location P due only to charges on the surface of the nickel block. (2) The electric field at location P due only to charges on the surface of the nickel block is <0,0,0>N/C. (3) Because the net electric field at location P is <0,0,0>N/C, the field at P due only to charges on the surface of the polarized nickel block must be <625,0,0>N/C.

Metal sphere A is charged negatively and then brought near an uncharged metal sphere B (Figure 14.78). Both spheres rest on insulating supports, and the humidity is very low.

(a) Use +鈥檚 and 鈭掆�檚 to show the approximate distribution of charges on the two spheres. (Hint: Think hard about both spheres, not just B.)

(b) A small, lightweight hollow metal ball, initially uncharged, is suspended from a string and hung between the two spheres (Figure 14.79). It is observed that the ball swings rapidly back and forth hitting one sphere and then the other. This goes on for seconds, but then the ball stops swinging and hangs between the two spheres. Explain in detail, step by step, why the ball swings back and forth and why it finally stops swinging. Your explanation must include good physics diagrams.
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