Chapter 4: Probability
Q17
In Exercises 17鈥20, refer to the accompanying table showing results from a Chembio test for hepatitis C among HIV-infected patients (based on data from a variety of sources).
Positive Test Result | Negative Test Result | |
Hepatitis C | 335 | 10 |
No Hepatitis C | 2 | 1153 |
False Positive Find the probability of selecting a subject with a positive test result, given that the subject does not have hepatitis C. Why is this case problematic for test subjects?
Q17
In Exercises 9鈥20, use the data in the following table, which lists drive-thru order accuracy at popular fast food chains (data from a QSR Drive-Thru Study). Assume that orders are randomly selected from those included in the table.
惭肠顿辞苍补濒诲鈥檚 | Burger King | 奥别苍诲测鈥檚 | Taco Bell | |
Order Accurate | 329 | 264 | 249 | 145 |
OrderNotAccurate | 33 | 54 | 31 | 13 |
Fast Food Drive-Thru Accuracy If one order is selected, find the probability of getting an order from 惭肠顿辞苍补濒诲鈥檚 or 奥别苍诲测鈥檚 or an order that is not accurate.
Q18
In Exercises 17鈥20, refer to the accompanying table showing results from a Chembio test for hepatitis C among HIV-infected patients (based on data from a variety of sources).
Positive Test Result | Negative Test Result | |
Hepatitis C | 335 | 10 |
No Hepatitis C | 2 | 1153 |
False Negative Find the probability of selecting a subject with a negative test result, given that the subject has hepatitis C. What would be an unfavorable consequence of this error?
Q18
In Exercises 5鈥36, express all probabilities as fractions.
Teed Off When four golfers are about to begin a game, they often toss a tee to randomly select the order in which they tee off. What is the probability that they tee off in alphabetical order by last name?
Q18
In Exercises 9鈥20, use the data in the following table, which lists drive-thru order accuracy at popular fast food chains (data from a QSR Drive-Thru Study). Assume that orders are randomly selected from those included in the table.
惭肠顿辞苍补濒诲鈥檚 | Burger King | 奥别苍诲测鈥檚 | Taco Bell | |
Order Accurate | 329 | 264 | 249 | 145 |
OrderNotAccurate | 33 | 54 | 31 | 13 |
Fast Food Drive-Thru Accuracy If one order is selected, find the probability of getting an order from Burger King or Taco Bell or an order that is accurate.
Q19
In Exercises 13鈥20, express the indicated degree of likelihood as a probability value between 0 and 1.
Square Peg Sydney Smith wrote in 鈥淥n the Conduct of the Understanding鈥 that it is impossible to fit a square peg in a round hole.
Q19
In Exercises 9鈥20, use the data in the following table, which lists drive-thru order accuracy at popular fast food chains (data from a QSR Drive-Thru Study). Assume that orders are randomly selected from those included in the table.
惭肠顿辞苍补濒诲鈥檚 | Burger King | 奥别苍诲测鈥檚 | Taco Bell | |
Order Accurate | 329 | 264 | 249 | 145 |
OrderNotAccurate | 33 | 54 | 31 | 13 |
Fast Food Drive-Thru Accuracy If three different orders are selected, find the probability that they are all from 奥别苍诲测鈥檚
Q2
Probability Rewrite the following statement so that the likelihood of rain is expressed as a value between 0 and 1: 鈥淭he probability of rain today is 25%.鈥
Q2
Notation When randomly selecting adults, let M denote the event of randomly selecting a male and let B denote the event of randomly selecting someone with blue eyes. What does represent? Is the same as ?
Q2
In Exercises 1鈥10, use the data in the accompanying table and express all results in decimal form. (The data are from 鈥淢ortality Reduction with Air Bag and Seat Belt Use in Head-On Passenger Car Collisions,鈥 by Crandall, Olson, and Sklar, American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 153, No. 3.) Drivers Involved in Head-On Collision of Passenger Cars.
Drivers Involved in Head-On Collision of Passenger Cars
Driver Killed | Driver Not killed | |
Seatbelt Used | 3655 | 7005 |
Seatbelt not Used | 4402 | 3040 |
Seatbelt Use Find the probability of randomly selecting a driver and getting one who was not killed given that the driver was using a seatbelt.