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Chapter 4: Q19 (page 143)
In Exercises 13鈥�20, express the indicated degree of likelihood as a probability value between 0 and 1.
Square Peg Sydney Smith wrote in 鈥淥n the Conduct of the Understanding鈥� that it is impossible to fit a square peg in a round hole.
The probability of fitting a square peg in a round hole is 0.
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In Exercises 25鈥�32, find the probability and answer the questions. Social Networking In a Pew Research Center survey of Internet users, 3732 respondents say that they use social networking sites and 1380 respondents say that they do not use social networking sites. What is the probability that a randomly selected person does not use a social networking site? Does that result suggest that it is unlikely for someone to not use social networking sites
Redundancy in Stadium Generators Large stadiums rely on backup generators to provide electricity in the event of a power failure. Assume that emergency backup generators fail 22% of the times when they are needed (based on data from Arshad Mansoor, senior vice president with the Electric Power Research Institute). A stadium has three backup generators so that power is available if at least one of them works in a power failure. Find the probability of having at least one of the backup generators working given that a power failure has occurred. Does the result appear to be adequate for the stadium鈥檚 needs?
Sample for a Poll There are 15,524,971 adults in Florida. If The Gallup organization randomly selects 1068 adults without replacement, are the selections independent or dependent? If the selections are dependent, can they be treated as being independent for the purposes of calculations?
In Exercises 17鈥�20, refer to the accompanying table showing results from a Chembio test for hepatitis C among HIV-infected patients (based on data from a variety of sources).
Positive Test Result | Negative Test Result | |
Hepatitis C | 335 | 10 |
No Hepatitis C | 2 | 1153 |
Positive Predictive Value Find the positive predictive value for the test. That is, find the probability that a subject has hepatitis C, given that the test yields a positive result. Does the result make the test appear to be effective?
In Exercises 21鈥�24, refer to the sample data in Table 4-1, which is included with the Chapter Problem. Assume that 1 of the 555 subjects included in Table 4-1 is randomly selected.
Positive Test Result (Test shows drug use) | Negative Test Result (Test shows no drug use) | |
Subject Uses Drugs | 45 (True Positive) | 5 (False Negative) |
Subject Does Not Use drugs | 25 (False Positive) | 480 (True Negative) |
Drug Testing Job Applicants Find the probability of selecting someone who got a result that is a false negative. Who would suffer from a false negative result? Why?
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