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In Exercises 1鈥10, use the data in the accompanying table and express all results in decimal form. (The data are from 鈥淢ortality Reduction with Air Bag and Seat Belt Use in Head-On Passenger Car Collisions,鈥 by Crandall, Olson, and Sklar, American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 153, No. 3.) Drivers Involved in Head-On Collision of Passenger Cars.

Drivers Involved in Head-On Collision of Passenger Cars


Driver Killed

Driver Not killed

Seatbelt Used

3655

7005

Seatbelt not Used

4402

3040

Seatbelt Use Find the probability of randomly selecting a driver and getting one who was not killed given that the driver was using a seatbelt.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The probability that the randomly selected driver was not killed, given that he uses a seatbelt, is approximately 0.657.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

The data for passenger cars involved in a head-on collision is provided.

02

Step 2:Define the concept of probability

The formula for the probability of any arbitrary event A is defined as follows:

PA=NumberoffavorableoutcomesTotalnumberofoutcomes

In the case of conditional probability, the probability of an event A, given that event B has taken place, is the ratio of two values, probability for both A and B, over the probability of event B.

Mathematically,

PAB=PAandBPB

03

Step 3:Compute the totals row-wise and column-wise

Add the values in rows and columns to obtain the totals.


Driver Killed

Driver Not killed

Total

Seatbelt Used

3655

7005

10660

Seatbelt not Used

4402

3040

7442

Total

8057

10045

18102

04

Compute the probability 

Define F as the event that a randomly selected driver uses a seatbelt.

Define E as the event that a randomly selected driver was not killed.

The favorable number of drivers who use a seatbelt is 10660.

The favorable number of drivers who are not killed is 10045.

The favorable number of drivers who use a seatbelt and were not killed is 7005.

The total number of drivers surveyed is 18102.

Using the values, you get:

PEandF=700518102PF=1066018102

The probability that a randomly selected driver was not killed, given that he uses a seatbelt, is:

PEF=PEandFPF=7005181021066018102=700510660=0.657

Thus, the probability that the randomly selected driver was not killed, given that he uses a seatbelt, is 0.657.

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