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Account for the relationship between the rate of a reaction and its activation energy.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The rate of reaction depends upon the activation energy; as the activation energy is high reaction rate is low, whereas if the activation energy is low, the reaction rate is high.

Step by step solution

01

Reaction Rate

The reaction involved the effective collision of two reactants to produce the desired products. Reactions can be natural, which occur in the surrounding environment, whereas it can be artificially done in the laboratory to form the desired product.

The reaction rate can be defined as the reaction speed to produce the products. The reaction rate can be slow, fast or moderate. The reaction can take less than a millisecond to produce products, or it can take years to produce the desired product.

02

Activation Energy

'Activation energy' term was used by Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish scientist, in the year 1889. The activation energy can be defined as the threshold energy (which is called the minimum amount of energy) after which the reaction takes place. A chemical reaction can take place because of the effective collision of the two or more reactants, which produces energy more than the threshold energy (minimum energy).

The unit of the Activation energy is Joule or kcal/mole.

03

Relation between Activation energy and Reaction rate

The rate of the reaction depends upon the Activation energy. As the activation energy is high, then the reaction rate is low, whereas if the activation energy is low, then the reaction rate is high. Activation energy can be defined as the 鈥渂arrier鈥 which is crossed by the reactant to produce products.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Account for the increase in reaction rate brought about by a catalyst.

Hydrogen iodide, HI, decomposes in the gas phase to produce hydrogen, H2, and iodine, I2. The value of the rate constant, k, for the reaction was measured at several different temperatures, and the data are shown here:

Temperature(K)

k(M-1s-1)

555

6.23*10-7

575

2.42*10-6

645

1.44*10-4

700

2.01*10-3

What is the value of the activation energy (in kJ/mol) for this reaction?

The rate constant for the rate of decomposition of \({{\bf{N}}_{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{5}}}\)to\({\bf{NO}}\) and \({{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}\)in the gas phase is 1.66 L/mol/s at 650 K and 7.39 L/mol/s at 700 K:

\({\bf{2}}{{\bf{N}}_{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{5}}}{\bf{(g) - - - 4NO(g) + 3}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)

Assuming the kinetics of this reaction are consistent with the Arrhenius equation, calculate the activation energy for this decomposition.

In the PhET Reactions & Rates (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PHETreaction) interactive, on the Many Collisions tab, set up a simulation with 15 molecules of A and 10 molecules of BC. Select 鈥淪how Bonds鈥 under Options.

  1. Leave the Initial Temperature at the default setting. Observe the reaction. Is the rate of reaction fast or slow?
  2. Click 鈥淧ause鈥 and then 鈥淩eset All,鈥 and then enter 15 molecules of A and 10 molecules of BC once again. Select 鈥淪how Bonds鈥 under Options. This time, increase the initial temperature until, on the graph, the total average energy line is completely above the potential energy curve. Describe what happens to the reaction

In an experiment, a sample of NaClO3 was 90% decomposed in 48 min. Approximately how long would this decomposition have taken if the sample had been heated 20掳C higher?

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