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Chapter 19: Q. 4 (page 543)
A 2000 cm3 container holds 0.10 mol of helium gas at 300掳C. How much work must be done to compress the gas to 1000 cm3 at (a) constant pressure and (b) constant temperature?
a. The value of work done at constant pressure is 240J
b. The value of work done at constant volume is 330J
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You would like to put a solar hot water system on your roof, but you're not sure it's feasible. A reference book on solar energy shows that the ground-level solar intensity in your city is for at least 5 hours a day throughout most of the year. Assuming that a completely black collector plate loses energy only by radiation, and that the air temperature is , what is the equilibrium temperature of a collector plate directly facing the sun? Note that while a plate has two sides, only the side facing the sun will radiate because the opposite side will be well insulated.
FIGURE P19.62 shows a thermodynamic process followed by of helium.
a. Determine the pressure (in ), temperature (in ), and volume in of the gas at points 1,2 , and 3 . Put your results in a table for easy reading.
b. How much work is done on the gas during each of the three segments?
c. How much heat energy is transferred to or from the gas during each of the three segments?
The sun's intensity at the distance of the earth is . of this energy is reflected by water and clouds; is absorbed. What would be the earth's average temperature (in ) if the earth had no atmosphere? The emissivity of the surface is very close to 1 . (The actual average temperature of the earth, about , is higher than your calculation because of the greenhouse effect.)
A container holds 1.0 g of oxygen at a pressure of 8.0 atm.
a. How much heat is required to increase the temperature by 100掳C at constant pressure?
b. How much will the temperature increase if this amount of heat energy is transferred to the gas at constant volume?
A 5.0 g ice cube at -20掳C is in a rigid, sealed container from which all the air has been evacuated. How much heat is required to change this ice cube into steam at 200掳C? Steam has CV = 1500 J/kgK and CP = 1960 J/kgK
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