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Chapter 19: Q. 2 (page 543)
Do (a) temperature, (b) heat, and (c) thermal energy describe a property of a system, an interaction of the system with its environment, or both? Explain.
A. In the system, thermal energy is seen if the system behaves isolated in nature. No interaction has not seen in the environment.
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The specific heat of most solids is nearly constant over a wide temperature range. Not so for diamond. Between 200 K and 600 K,
the specific heat of diamond is reasonably well described by c = 2.8T - 350 J/kg K, where T is in K. For gemstone diamonds, 1 carat = 200 mg. How much heat energy is needed to raise the temperature of a 3.5 carat diamond from -50掳C to 250掳C?
A beaker with a metal bottom is filled with of water at . It is brought into good thermal contact with a container holding of a monatomic gas at pressure. Both containers are well insulated from their surroundings.
What is the gas pressure after a long time has elapsed? You can assume that the containers themselves are nearly massless and do not affect the outcome.
A cube on each side contains of helium at . of heat energy are transferred to this gas. What are (a) the final pressure if the process is at constant volume and (b) the final volume if the process is at constant pressure? (c) Show and label both processes on a single diagram.
of nitrogen gas at and an initial pressure of undergo an isobaric expansion until the volume has tripled.
a. What are the gas volume and temperature after the expansion?
b. How much heat energy is transferred to the gas to cause this expansion?
The gas pressure is then decreased at constant volume until the original temperature is reached.
c. What is the gas pressure after the decrease?
d. What amount of heat energy is transferred from the gas as its pressure decreases?
e. Show the total process on a diagram. Provide an appropriate scale on both axes.
A container holds 1.0 g of oxygen at a pressure of 8.0 atm.
a. How much heat is required to increase the temperature by
100 C at constant pressure?
b. How much will the temperature increase if this amount of
heat energy is transferred to the gas at constant volume?
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