Chapter 13: Q. 36 (page 354)
What are the magnitude and direction of the net gravitational
force on the 20.0 kg mass in FIGURE P13.36?

Short Answer
The magnitude and direction of the net gravitational force on 20kg mass areandrespectively.
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Chapter 13: Q. 36 (page 354)
What are the magnitude and direction of the net gravitational
force on the 20.0 kg mass in FIGURE P13.36?

The magnitude and direction of the net gravitational force on 20kg mass areandrespectively.
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A 55,000 kg space capsule is in a 28,000-km-diameter circular orbit around the moon. A brief but intense firing of its engine in the forward direction suddenly decreases its speed by 50%. This
causes the space capsule to go into an elliptical orbit. What are the space capsule’s (a) maximum and (b) minimum distances from the center of the moon in its new orbit?
Hint: You will need to use two conservation laws.
The gravitational force of a star on orbiting planet 1 is F1. Planet 2, which is twice as massive as planet 1 and orbits at twice the distance from the star, experiences gravitational force F2. What is the ratio F1/F2?
The solar system is 25,000 light years from the center of our Milky Way galaxy. One light year is the distance light travels in one year at a speed of 3.0 x 108 m/s. Astronomers have determined
that the solar system is orbiting the center of the galaxy at a speed of 230 km/s.
a. Assuming the orbit is circular, what is the period of the solar
system’s orbit? Give your answer in years.
b. Our solar system was formed roughly 5 billion years ago. How many orbits has it completed?
c. The gravitational force on the solar system is the net force due to all the matter inside our orbit. Most of that matter is concentrated near the center of the galaxy. Assume that the matter has a spherical distribution, like a giant star. What is the approximate mass of the galactic center?
d. Assume that the sun is a typical star with a typical mass. If galactic matter is made up of stars, approximately how many stars are in the center of the galaxy?
Astronomers have spent many years trying to determine how many stars there are in the Milky Way. The number of stars seems to be only about 10% of what you found in part d. In other words,
about 90% of the mass of the galaxy appears to be in some form other than stars. This is called the dark matter of the universe. No one knows what the dark matter is. This is one of the outstanding scientific questions of our day.
Pluto moves in a fairly elliptical orbit around the sun. Pluto’s speed at its closest approach of km is 6.12 km/s. What is Pluto’s speed at the most distant point in its orbit, where it iskm from the sun?
Two astronauts leave earth in a spacecraft, sitting apart. How far are they from the center of the earth when the gravitational force between them is as strong as the gravitational force of the earth on one of the astronauts?
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