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Chapter 11: Q.61 (page 731)

Design (4.2) Was this an observational study or an experiment? Justify your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The study is the experimental study.

Step by step solution

01

Given Information

The data is given in the question that,

02

Explanation

Observational study: An observational study is one where the participants are simply monitored based on certain criteria without changing them.

Experimental Study:

If some treatments are applied to the individuals in order to observe the effectiveness of the treatments then the study is termed an experimental study.

A study is conducted to determine whether the answers of the respondents are being affected if the rating scale is changed or not. For this a simple random sample of 90students is selected from the total population of 1000students. The first 45students are given a scale of 1to 5and the remaining 45students are given a scale of 0to 4.

In this study: the different scaling is given to two groups of students for observing the effect of scale on the responses to the question. This shows that: the study is an experiment.

Thus, the study is an experimental study.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A survey by the National Institutes of Health asked a random sample of young adults (aged 19 to 25 years), 鈥淲here do you live now? That is, where do you stay most often?鈥� Here is the full two-way table (omitting a few who refused to answer and one who claimed to be homeless):

a) Should we use a chi-square test for homogeneity or a chi-square test of association/independence in this setting? Justify your answer.

(b) State appropriate hypotheses for performing the type of test you chose in part (a). Minitab output from a chi-square test is shown below

(c) Check that the conditions for carrying out the test are met.

(d) Interpret the P-value in context. What conclusion would you draw?

Software gives test statistic 蠂2=69.8and P-value close to 0 . The correct interpretation of this result is

(a) the probability of getting a random sample of 4877teens that yields a value of 蠂2of 69.8or larger is basically 0.

(b) the probability of getting a random sample of 4877teens that yields a value of 蠂2of 69.8or larger if H0is true is basically 0.

(c) the probability of making a Type I error is basically 0.

(d) the probability of making a Type II error is basically 0.

(e) it's very unlikely that these data are true.

Refer to Exercise 27. Do the data provide convincing evidence of a difference in the distributions of sports goals for male and female undergraduates at the university?

(a) State appropriate null and alternative hypotheses for a significance test to help answer this question.

(b) Calculate the expected counts. Show your work.

(c) Calculate the chi-square statistic. Show your work

From exercise27

Which hypotheses would be appropriate for performing a chi-square test?

(a) The null hypothesis is that the closer students get to graduation, the less likely they are to be opposed to tuition increases. The alternative is that how close students are to graduation makes no difference in their opinion.

(b) The null hypothesis is that the mean number of students who are strongly opposed is the same for each of the four years. The alternative is that the mean is different for at least two of the four years.

(c) The null hypothesis is that the distribution of student opinion about the proposed tuition increase is the same for each of the four years at this university. The alternative is that the distribution is different for at least two of the four years.

(d) The null hypothesis is that year in school and student opinion about the tuition increase in the sample are independent. The alternative is that these variables are dependent.

(e) The null hypothesis is that there is an association between a year in school and opinion about the tuition increase at this university. The alternative hypothesis is that these variables are not associated.

An appropriate null hypothesis to test whether the trees in the forest are randomly distributed is

(a) H0:渭=25, where 渭=the mean number of trees in each quadrant.

(b) H0:p=0.25, where p=the proportion of all trees in the forest that are in Quadrant 1.

(c) H0:n1=n2=n3=n4=25, where niis the number of trees from the sample in Quadrant i.

(d) H0:p1=p2=p3=p4=0.25, where piis the actual proportion of trees in the forest that are in Quadrant i.

(e) H0:p^1=p^2=p^3=p^4=0.25, where p^iis the proportion of trees in the sample that are in Quadranti.
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