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Chapter 4: Q 5. (page 226)

Call the shots A newspaper advertisement for an upcoming TV show said: 鈥淪hould handgun control be tougher? You call the shots in a special call-in

poll tonight. If yes, call 1-900-720-6181If not, call 1-900-720-6182A charge is 50 cents for the first minute.鈥� Explain why this opinion poll is almost certainly biased.

Short Answer

Expert verified

This opinion poll is almost certainly biased because it uses data from a voluntary response sample.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

An upcoming TV show's commercial asked: Should there be stricter gun laws? We need to explain why this opinion poll is almost probably biased, given over 90% of those that called in voting yes.

02

Concept

A simple random sample (SRS) of size n is made up of n people chosen from the population with an equal chance of being the sample that is actually chosen.

03

Explanation

Based on the television episode, a newspaper advertisement for the United States is shown: "Should handgun laws be strengthened? Because it draws data from a volunteer response sample, this opinion poll is almost probably skewed. It is made up of numerous people who choose themselves based on the voluntary response sample to the broad appeal. Almost never do voluntary response samples fully reflect the total population. They tend to overrepresent persons with strong beliefs since they are more likely to reply willingly to such polls.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Each of the following is a source of error in a sample survey. Label each as sampling error or non sampling error, and explain your answers.

(a) The telephone directory is used as a sampling frame.

(b) The person cannot be contacted in five calls.

(c) Interviewers choose people walking by on the sidewalk to interview.

2. A survey paid for by makers of disposable diapers found that 84% of the sample opposed banning disposable diapers. Here is the actual question:

Ring-no-answer A common form of nonresponse in telephone surveys is 鈥渞ing-no-answer.鈥� That is, a call is made to an active number but no one answers. The Italian National Statistical Institute looked at nonresponse to a government survey of households in Italy during the periods January 1 to Easter and July 1 to August 31 All calls were made between7 and 10 p.m., but 21.4% gave 鈥渞ing-no-answer鈥� in one period versus 41.5% 鈥渞ing-no-answer鈥� in the other period15 Which period do you think had the higher rate of no answers? Why? Explain why a high rate of nonresponse makes sample results less reliable.

In an interesting experiment, researchers examined the effect of ultrasound on birth weight. Pregnant women participating in the study were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group of women received an ultrasound; the second group did not. When the subjects鈥� babies were born, their birth weights were recorded. The women who received the ultrasounds had heavier babies.

Did the experimental design take the placebo effect into account? Why is this important?

Explain it to the congresswoman You are on the staff of a member of Congress who is considering a bill that would provide government-sponsored insurance for nursing-home care. You report that 1128 letters have been received on the issue, of which 871 oppose the legislation. 鈥淚鈥檓 surprised that most of my constituents oppose the bill. I thought it would be quite popular,鈥� says the congresswoman. Are you convinced that a majority of the voters oppose the bill? How would you explain the statistical issue to the congresswoman?

Wording bias Comment on each of the following as a potential sample survey question. Is the question clear? Is it slanted toward the desired response?

(a) 鈥淪ome cell phone users have developed brain cancer. Should all cell phones come with a warning label explaining the danger of using cell phones?鈥�

(b) 鈥淒o you agree that a national system of health insurance should be favored because it would provide health insurance for everyone and would reduce

administrative costs?鈥�

(c) 鈥淚n view of escalating environmental degradation and incipient resource depletion, would you favor economic incentives for recycling of resource-intensive consumer goods?鈥�
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