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Chapter 4: Q 50. (page 253)

Effects of binge drinking A common definition of 鈥渂inge drinking鈥� is 5 or more drinks at one sitting for men and 4 or more for women. An observational study

finds that students who binge drink have lower average GPA than those who don鈥檛. Identify a lurking variable that may be confounded with the effects of binge drinking. Explain how confounding might occur.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Possible lurking variables are study habits, intelligence, income parents etc.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

We need to find a variable that could be confused with the consequences of binge drinking and figure out how that could happen.

02

Concept 

A lurking variable is one that is not included in the study's explanatory or response variables but has the potential to influence the response variable.

03

Explanation

One such hidden variable is the level of education enthusiasm. Alcohol consumption may result in lower marks for reasons other than academics. As a result, it's difficult to say if the kids' poor performance is related to the alcohol or simply an academic issue.

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Each of the following is a source of error in a sample survey. Label each as sampling error or non sampling error, and explain your answers.

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2. A survey paid for by makers of disposable diapers found that 84% of the sample opposed banning disposable diapers. Here is the actual question:

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Systematic random sample Sample surveys often use a systematic random sample to choose a sample of apartments in a large building or housing units in a block at the last stage of a multistage sample. Here is a description of how to choose a systematic random sample. Suppose that we must choose 4 addresses out of 100 Because 100/4=25 we can think of the list as four lists of 25 addresses. Choose 1 of the first 25 addresses at random using Table D. The sample contains this address and the addresses 25,50, and 75 places down the list from it. If the table gives 13, for example, then the systematic random sample consists of the addresses numbered 13,38,63, and 88

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