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In a test to determine whether soil pretreated with small amounts of Basic-H makes the soil more permeable to water, soil samples were divided into blocks, and each block received each of the four treatments under study. The treatments were (A) water with .001% Basic-H flooded on control soil, (B) water without Basic-H on control soil, (C) water with Basic-H flooded on soil pretreated with Basic-H, and (D) water without Basic-H on soil pretreated with Basic-H. Test at level .01 to see whether there are any effects due to the different treatments.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Reject null hypothesis

Step by step solution

01

Friedman’s test:

The Friedman鈥檚 test for rendomized block experiment

Test for teststatistic is

\(\begin{array}{l}{F_r} = \frac{{12J}}{{I\left( {I + 1} \right)}}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^I {{{\left( {{{\bar R}_i} - \frac{{I + 1}}{2}} \right)}^2}} \\ = \frac{{12J}}{{IJ\left( {I + 1} \right)}}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^I {\bar R_i^2 - 3J} \left( {I + 1} \right)\end{array}\)

When the null hypothesis is true test statistic \({F_r}\), has approximately chi-squared distribution with I-1 degrees of freedom.

02

solving further:

Two table goes together- point\({x_{ij}}\)in the first table corresponds to the\({r_{ij}}\)rank in the second table.

i

Blocks

A

37.1

31.8

28

25.5

25.3

25.3

23.7

24.4

21.4

26.2

B

33.2

25.3

20.2

20.3

18.3

19.3

17.3

17

16.7

18.3

C

58.9

54.2

49.2

47.9

38.2

48.8

47.8

40.2

44

46.4

D

56.7

49.6

46.4

40.9

39.4

37.1

37.5

39.6

35.1

36.5

i

Ranks

\({r_i}\)

\(r_i^2\)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

A

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

20

400

B

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

10

100

C

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

39

1521

D

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

31

661

03

testing static value:

The test statistic value is,

\(\begin{array}{l}{f_r} = \frac{{12J}}{{I\left( {I + 1} \right)}}{\sum\limits_{i = 1}^I {\left( {{{\bar R}_i} - \frac{{I - 1}}{2}} \right)} ^2}\\ = \frac{{12}}{{IJ\left( {I + 1} \right)}}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^I {\bar R_i^2} - 3J\left( {I + 1} \right)\\ = \frac{{12}}{{4 \cdot 10 \cdot 5}} \cdot \left( {400 + 100 + 1521 + 961} \right) - 3 \cdot 10 \cdot 5\\ = 28.91\end{array}\)

Degrees of freedom are

\({d_f} = I - 1 = 4 - 1 = 3\)

Critical value at significant level 0.01 is


\(\begin{array}{l}X_{0.01,3}^2 = 11.344\\X_{0.01,3}^2 = 11.344 < 28.91 = {f_r}\end{array}\)

Reject null hypothesis

Hence, Reject null hypothesis.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A random sample of 15 automobile mechanics certified to work on a certain type of car was selected, and the time (in minutes) necessary for each one to diagnose a particular problem was determined, resulting in the following data:

30.6 30.1 15.6 26.7 27.1 25.4 35.0 30.8

31.6 53.2 12.5 23.2 8.8 24.9 30.2

Use the Wilcoxon test at significance level .10 to decide whether the data suggests that true average diagnostic time is less than 30 minutes.

Refer to Exercise 33, and consider a confidence interval associate\(Y \ge 15\)d with the sign test: the sign interval.

The relevant hypotheses are now \({H_0}:\tilde \mu = {\tilde \mu _0}\) versus \({H_0}:\tilde \mu \ne {\tilde \mu _0}\)

a. Suppose we decide to reject \({H_0}\)if either or \(Y \le 15\). What is the smallest a for which this equivalent to rejecting \({H_0}\) if P-value \( \le \alpha \)?

b. The confidence interval will consist of all values \({\tilde \mu _0}\) for which \({H_0}\) is not rejected. Determine the CI for the given data, and state the confidence level.

Give as much information as you can about the P-value for the Wilcoxon test in each of the following situations.

a. \(n = 12,\)upper-tailed test, \({s_ + } = 56,\)

b. \(n = 12,\)upper-tailed test, \({s_ + } = 62,\)

c. \(n = 12,\)lower-tailed test, \({s_ + } = 20,\)

d. \(n = 14,\) two-tailed test, \({s_ + } = 21,\)

e. \(n = 25,\) two-tailed test, \({s_ + } = 300,\)

The sign test is a very simple procedure for testing hypotheses about a population median assuming only that the underlying distribution is continuous. To illustrate, consider the following sample of 20 observations on component lifetime (hr):

1.7 3.3 5.1 6.9 12.6 14.4 16.4

24.6 26.0 26.5 32.1 37.4 40.1 40.5

41.5 72.4 80.1 86.4 87.5 100.2

We wish to test \({H_0}:\tilde \mu = 25.0\) versus \({H_0}:\tilde \mu > 25.0\)The test statistic is Y 5 the number of observations that exceed 25

a. Determine the P-value of the test when Y 5 15. (Hint: Think of a 鈥渟uccess鈥 as a lifetime that exceeds 25.0. Then Y is the number of successes in the sample. What kind of a distribution does Y have when\(\tilde \mu = 25.0\)?)

b. For the given data, should H0 be rejected at significance level .05? (Note: The test statistic is the number of differences \({X_i} - 25\)that have positive signs, hence the name sign test.)

Suppose that observations X1, X2,鈥, Xn are made on a process at times 1, 2,鈥, n. On the basis of this data, we wish to test H0: the Xi鈥檚 constitute an independent and identically distributed sequence versus Ha: Xi11 tends to be larger than Xi for i =1,鈥, n (an increasing trend) Suppose the Xi鈥檚 are ranked from 1 to n. Then when Ha is true, larger ranks tend to occur later in the sequence, whereas if H0 is true, large and small ranks tend to be mixed together. Let Ri be the rank of Xi and consider the test statistic D = on i= 1(Ri = i)2.

Then small values of D give support to Ha (e.g., the smallest value is 0 for R1 = 10, R2 = 2,鈥, Rn= n). When H0 is true, any sequence of ranks has probability 1yn!. Use this to determine the P-value in the case n = 4, d= 2. (Hint: List the 4! rank sequences, compute d for each one, and then obtain the null distribution of D. See the Lehmann book (in the chapter bibliography), p. 290, for more information.).

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