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Chapter 2: Q27 E (page 67)
Explain why the symbol for an atom of the element oxygen and the formula for a molecule of oxygen differ.
The symbol O is used to represent an atom/ element while O2 is the molecular formula.
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Variations in average atomic mass may be observed for elements obtained from different sources. Lithium provides an example of this. The isotopic composition of lithium from naturally occurring minerals is 7.5% 6Li and 92.5% 7Li, which have masses of 6.01512 amu and 7.01600 amu, respectively. A commercial source of lithium, recycled from a military source, was 3.75% 6Li (and the rest 7Li). Calculate the average atomic mass values for each of these two sources.
Use the periodic table to give the name and symbol for each of the following elements:
(a) The Nobel gas in the same period as Germanium.
(b) The Alkaline earth metal in the same period as selenium.
(c) The Halogen in the same period as lithium.
(d) The Chalcogen in the same period as cadmium.
The existence of isotopes violates one of the original ideas of Dalton鈥檚 atomic theory. Which one?
Determine the empirical formula for the following compounds:
a) caffeine, C6H10N4O2
b) fructose, C12H22O11
c) hydrogen peroxide, H2O2
d) glucose, C6H12O6
e) ascorbic acid (vitamin C), C6H8O6
In what way are isotopes of a given element always different? In what way(s) are they always the same?
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