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Chapter 2: Q24 E (page 120)

Variations in average atomic mass may be observed for elements obtained from different sources. Lithium provides an example of this. The isotopic composition of lithium from naturally occurring minerals is 7.5% 6Li and 92.5% 7Li, which have masses of 6.01512 amu and 7.01600 amu, respectively. A commercial source of lithium, recycled from a military source, was 3.75% 6Li (and the rest 7Li). Calculate the average atomic mass values for each of these two sources.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Lithium average mass = (0.075 脳 6.01512) + (0.925 脳 7.01600)

Li avg. mass = (0.4511 + 6.4898) amu

= 6.94 amu

Step by step solution

01

– Determine the abundance

7.5% =\(\frac{{7.5}}{{100}} = 0.075\)

92.5% = \(\frac{{92.5}}{{100}} = 0.925\)

02

– Determine the Average mass

Average mass =\(\sum\limits_i {{{(fractionalabundance \times isotopicmass)}_i}} \)

Given,6Li = 7.5%, Mass = 6Li = 6.01512 amu

7Li = 92.5%, Mass = 7Li = 7.01600 amu.

Lithium average mass = (0.075 脳 6.01512) + (0.925 脳 7.01600)

Li avg. mass = (0.4511 + 6.4898) amu

= 6.94 amu

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Open theBuild an Atom simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetAtomBld)(a) Drag protons, neutrons, and electrons onto the atom template to make a neutral atom of Oxygen-16 and give theisotope symbol for this atom.(b) Now add two more electrons to make an ion and give the symbol for the ion you have created.

In what way are isotopes of a given element always different? In what way(s) are they always the same?

Predict and test the behaviour of 伪 particles fired at a Rutherford atom model.

(a) Predict the paths taken by 伪 particles that are fired at atoms with a Rutherford atom model structure. Explain why you expect the 伪 particles to take these paths.

(b) If 伪 particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at Rutherford atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy 伪 particle paths. Explain your reasoning.

(c) Predict how the paths taken by the 伪 particles will differ if they are fired at Rutherford atoms of elements other than gold. What factor do you expect to cause this difference in paths, and why?

(d) Now test your predictions from (a), (b), and (c).

Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetScatter) and select the 鈥淩utherford Atom鈥� tab. Due to the scale of the simulation, it is best to start with a small nucleus, so select 鈥�20鈥� for both protons and neutrons, 鈥渕in鈥� for energy, show traces, and then start firing 伪 particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, set energy to 鈥渕ax,鈥� and start firing 伪 particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual path as shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, select 鈥�40鈥� for both protons and neutrons, 鈥渕in鈥� for energy, show traces, and fire away. Does this match your prediction from (c)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Repeat this with larger numbers of protons and neutrons. What generalization can you make regarding the type of atom and effect on the path of 伪 particles? Be clear and specific.

Using the periodic table, classify each of the following elements as a metal or a nonmetal, and then further classify each as a main-group (representative) element, transition metal, or inner transition metal:

(a) cobalt

(b) europium

(c) iodine

(d) indium

(e) lithium

(f) oxygen

(h) cadmium

(i) terbium

(j) rhenium

Each of the following compounds contains a metal that can exhibit more than one ionic charge. Name these compounds:

a. NiCO3

b. MoO3

c.Co(NO3)2

d. V2O5

e. MnO2

f. Fe2O3
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