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Chapter 2: Q14E (page 118)

Open theBuild an Atom simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetAtomBld)(a) Drag protons, neutrons, and electrons onto the atom template to make a neutral atom of Oxygen-16 and give theisotope symbol for this atom.(b) Now add two more electrons to make an ion and give the symbol for the ion you have created.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The structure and symbol of an oxygen atom or isotope and oxide ion is shown below.

Step by step solution

01

Structure of Oxygen - 16 atoms and symbol of the isotope of oxygen - 16

The atomic mass number of oxygen is 16 and the atomic number is 8. There are eight protons and eight neutrons in the nucleus of the O -16 isotope. This is the most abundant isotope of oxygen found in nature.

One atomic mass unit is defined as the 1/16 mass of a 16Oatom, the standard form where atomic mass and nuclide were described.

02

Drawing the structure and symbol of the oxygen ion

Two electrons are added to make an ion. The oxide ion has two negativecharges. There are 10 electrons in the atom. The structure and symbol of oxide ion are shown as follows

Number of protons = 8

Number of neutrons = 8

Number of electrons = 10

Charge = -2

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Predict and test the behaviour of 伪 particles fired at a Rutherford atom model.

(a) Predict the paths taken by 伪 particles that are fired at atoms with a Rutherford atom model structure. Explain why you expect the 伪 particles to take these paths.

(b) If 伪 particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at Rutherford atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy 伪 particle paths. Explain your reasoning.

(c) Predict how the paths taken by the 伪 particles will differ if they are fired at Rutherford atoms of elements other than gold. What factor do you expect to cause this difference in paths, and why?

(d) Now test your predictions from (a), (b), and (c).

Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetScatter) and select the 鈥淩utherford Atom鈥� tab. Due to the scale of the simulation, it is best to start with a small nucleus, so select 鈥�20鈥� for both protons and neutrons, 鈥渕in鈥� for energy, show traces, and then start firing 伪 particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, set energy to 鈥渕ax,鈥� and start firing 伪 particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual path as shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, select 鈥�40鈥� for both protons and neutrons, 鈥渕in鈥� for energy, show traces, and fire away. Does this match your prediction from (c)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Repeat this with larger numbers of protons and neutrons. What generalization can you make regarding the type of atom and effect on the path of 伪 particles? Be clear and specific.

Write the symbol for each of the following ions: (a) the ion with a \(1 + \) charge, atomic number \(55,\) and mass number \(133\)(b) the ion with \(54\) electrons, \(53\) protons, and \(74\) neutrons (c) the ion with atomic number\(15,\) mass number \(31,\) and a \(3 - \) charge (d) the ion with \(24\) electrons, \(30\) neutrons, and a \(3 + \)charge

Using the periodic table, identify the heaviest member of each of the following groups:

(a) Alkali metals

(b) Chalcogens

(c) Noble gases

(d) Alkaline earth metals

Use the periodic table to give the name and symbol for each of the following elements:

(a) the halogen in the same period as the alkali metal with 11 protons

(b) the alkaline earth metal in the same period with the neutral noble gas with 18 electrons

(c) the noble gas in the same row as an isotope with 30 neutrons and 25 protons

(d) the noble gas in the same period as gold

Average atomic masses listed by IUPAC are based on a study of experimental results. Bromine has two isotopes 79Br and 81Br, whose masses (78.9183 and 80.9163 amu) and abundance (50.69% and 49.31%) were determined in earlier experiments. Calculate the average atomic mass of bromine based on these experiments.

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