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Chapter 2: Q13E (page 118)

Open theBuild an Atom simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetAtomBld)and click on the

Atom icon.

a. Pick any one of the first 10 elements that you would like to build and state its symbol.

b. Drag protons, neutrons, and electrons onto the atom template to make an atom of your element.

State the numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in your atom, as well as the net charge and mass number.

c. Click on 鈥淣et Charge鈥� and 鈥淢ass Number,鈥� check your answers to (b), and correct, if needed.

d. Predict whether your atom will be stable or unstable. State your reasoning.

e. Check the 鈥淪table/Unstable鈥� box. Was your answer to (d) correct? If not, first predict what you can do to make a Stable atom of your element, and then do it and see if it works. Explain your reasoning.

Short Answer

Expert verified

In this question, the structure of the atom of the first 10 elements of the periodic table has been drawn. In addition, the protons, neutrons, and electrons are also shown in the diagram. We will also predict the stability of an atom in the following question.

Step by step solution

01

Drawing the structure and the symbol of the atom

We will draw the structure of an atom of elements which shows electrons, protons, and neutrons within the atom.

02

Explaining the reason for the stability of the atom

In the table, we will predict the stability of the atom and remarks to gain the stability as given.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Click on the site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetAtomMass) and select the 鈥淢ix Isotopes鈥� tab, hide the 鈥淧ercent Composition鈥� and 鈥淎verage Atomic Mass鈥� boxes, and then select the element boron.

(a) Write the symbols of the isotopes of boron that are shown as naturally occurring in significant amounts.

(b) Predict the relative amounts (percentages) of these boron isotopes found in nature. Explain the reasoning behind your choice.

(c) Add isotopes to the black box to make a mixture that matches your prediction in (b). You may drag isotopes fromtheir bins or click on 鈥淢ore鈥� and then move the sliders to the appropriate amounts.

(d) Reveal the 鈥淧ercent Composition鈥� and 鈥淎verage Atomic Mass鈥� boxes. How well does your mixture match withyour prediction? If necessary, adjust the isotope amounts to match your prediction.

(e) Select 鈥淣ature鈥檚鈥� mix of isotopes and compare it to your prediction. How well does your prediction comparewith the naturally occurring mixture? Explain. If necessary, adjust your amounts to make them match 鈥淣ature鈥檚鈥漚mounts as closely as possible.

Use the periodic table to give the name and symbol for each of the following elements:

(a) The Nobel gas in the same period as Germanium.

(b) The Alkaline earth metal in the same period as selenium.

(c) The Halogen in the same period as lithium.

(d) The Chalcogen in the same period as cadmium.

Question: Write the formulas of the following compounds:

(a) rubidium bromide

(b) magnesium selenide

(c) sodium oxide

(d) calcium chloride

(e) hydrogen fluoride

(f) gallium phosphide

(g) aluminum bromide

(h) ammonium sulfate

Variations in average atomic mass may be observed for elements obtained from different sources. Lithium provides an example of this. The isotopic composition of lithium from naturally occurring minerals is 7.5% 6Li and 92.5% 7Li, which have masses of 6.01512 amu and 7.01600 amu, respectively. A commercial source of lithium, recycled from a military source, was 3.75% 6Li (and the rest 7Li). Calculate the average atomic mass values for each of these two sources.

The average atomic masses of some elements may vary, depending upon the sources of their ores. Naturally occurring, the boron consists of two isotopes with accurately known masses ( 10B, 10.0129 amu and 11B, 11.0931 amu). The actual atomic mass of boron can vary from 10.807 to 10.819, depending on whether the mineral source is from Turkey or the United States. Calculate the percent abundance leading to the two values of the average atomic masses of boron from these two countries.
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