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Chapter 2: Q26E (page 120)

The 18O: 16O abundance ratio in some meteorites is greater than that used to calculate the average atomic mass of oxygen on earth. Is the average mass of an oxygen atom in these meteorites greater than, less than, or equal to that of a terrestrial oxygen atom?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The average atomic mass of an oxygen atom will be greater than the terrestrial oxygen atom.

Step by step solution

01

– Determine the definition of average atomic mass

The mass of an element of atomic masses is a weighted, average mass of all the isotopes present in a naturally occurring sample of that element. This is equal to the sum of each individual isotope鈥檚 mass multiplied by its fractional abundance.

02

– Determine the Formula of Average mass

Average mass =\(\sum\limits_i {{{(fractional\,\,abundance \times isotopic\,mass)}_i}} \)

03

 – Determine how the average atomic mass of an oxygen atom will be greater than the terrestrial oxygen atom

It is because the average atomic mass of an element is directly proportional to the fractional abundance of the isotopes. So, if abundance increases then the average atomic mass also increases.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write a symbol for each of the following neutral isotopes. Include the atomic number and mass number for each.(a) the chalcogen with a mass number of \({\bf{125}}\)(b) the halogen whose longest-lived isotope is radioactive(c) the noble gas, used in lighting, with \({\bf{10}}\) electrons and \({\bf{10}}\) neutrons(d) the lightest alkali metal with three neutrons

How are electrons and protons similar? How are they different?

Average atomic masses listed by IUPAC are based on a study of experimental results. Bromine has two isotopes 79Br and 81Br, whose masses (78.9183 and 80.9163 amu) and abundance (50.69% and 49.31%) were determined in earlier experiments. Calculate the average atomic mass of bromine based on these experiments.

Predict and test the behavior of 伪 particles fired at a 鈥減lum pudding鈥� model atom.

(a) Predict the paths taken by 伪 particles that are fired at atoms with a Thomson鈥檚 plum pudding model structure. Explain why you expect the 伪 particles to take these paths.

(b) If 伪 particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at plum pudding atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy 伪 particle paths. Explain your reasoning.

(c) Now test your predictions from (a) and (b). Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetScatter) and select the 鈥淧lum Pudding Atom鈥� tab. Set 鈥淎lpha Particles Energy鈥� to 鈥渕in,鈥� and select 鈥渟how traces.鈥� Click on the gun to start firing 伪 particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Hit the pause button, or 鈥淩eset All.鈥� Set 鈥淎lpha Particles Energy鈥� to 鈥渕ax,鈥� and start firing 伪 particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual paths as shown in the simulation.

Use the periodic table to give the name and symbol for each of the following elements:

(a) the halogen in the same period as the alkali metal with 11 protons

(b) the alkaline earth metal in the same period with the neutral noble gas with 18 electrons

(c) the noble gas in the same row as an isotope with 30 neutrons and 25 protons

(d) the noble gas in the same period as gold
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