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Magazine Chapter 8: Q43E (page 451)
Compare the atomic and molecular orbital diagrams to identify the member of each of the following pairs that has the highest first ionization energy (the most tightly bound electron) in the gas phase:
(a) \({\rm{H}}\) and \({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}\)
(b) \({\rm{N}}\)and \({{\rm{N}}_{\rm{2}}}\)
(c) \({\rm{O}}\)and \({{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\)
(d) \({\rm{C}}\)and \({{\rm{C}}_{\rm{2}}}\)
(e) \({\rm{B}}\)and \({{\rm{B}}_{\rm{2}}}\)
Short Answer
(a) \({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}\) has the highest first ionization energy because we need remove an electron from bonding molecular orbital.
(b) \({{\rm{N}}_2}\)has the highest first ionization energy because we need remove an electron from bonding molecular orbital.
(c)O has the highest first ionization energy because we need to remove an electron from antibonding molecular orbital in\({{\rm{O}}_2}\).
(d)\({C_2}\)has the highest first ionization energy because we need to remove an electron from bonding molecular orbital.
(e) \({{\rm{B}}_2}\) has the highest first ionization energy because we need to remove an electron from bonding molecular orbital.
Step by step solution
Definition of bonding molecular orbital
Bonding orbitals are used in molecular orbital theory (MO) to describe the attractive interactions between the atomic orbitals of two or more atoms in a molecule.
Comparing H and H2
Bonding molecular orbitals are more stable atomic orbitals, and antibonding molecular orbitals are less stable atomic orbitals.
(a)
\({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}\)has the highest first ionization energy because we need remove an electron from bonding molecular orbital.
Comparing N and N2
b)
\({{\rm{N}}_2}\) has the highest first ionization energy because we need remove an electron from bonding molecular orbital
Comparing O and O2
c)
O has the highest first ionization energy because we need to remove an electron from antibonding molecular orbital in \({{\rm{O}}_2}\).
Comparing C and C2
d)
\({C_2}\) has the highest first ionization energy because we need to remove an electron from bonding molecular orbital
Comparing B and B2
e)
\({{\rm{B}}_2}\) has the highest first ionization energy because we need to remove an electron from bonding molecular orbital
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