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Chapter 16: Q16.18 P (page 729)
Reaction rate is expressed in terms of changes in the concentration of reactants and products. Write a balanced equation for
The balanced equation is as follows:
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Define reaction rate, assuming constant temperature and a closed reaction vessel, why does the rate change with time?
What is the central idea of collision theory? How does this idea explain the effect of concentration on reaction rate?
The decomposition of NOBr is studied manometrically because the number of moles of gas changes; it cannot be studied colorimetrically because both NOBr and Br2 are reddish-brown:
Use the data below to answer the following:
(a) Determine the average rate over the entire experiment.
(b) Determine the average rate between 2.00 and 4.00 s.
(c) Use graphical methods to estimate the initial reaction rate.
(d) Use graphical methods to estimate the rate at 7.00 s.
(e) At what time does the instantaneous rate equal the average rate over the entire experiment?
Time (s) | [NOBr] (mol/L) |
0.00 | 0.0100 |
2.00 | 0.0071 |
4.00 | 0.0055 |
6.00 | 0.0045 |
8.00 | 0.0038 |
10.00 | 0.0033 |
By what factor does the rate change in each of the following cases (assuming constant temperature)?
(a) A reaction is first order in reactant A, and [A] is doubled.
(b) A reaction is second order in reactant B, and [B] is halved.
(c) A reaction is second order in reactant C, and [C] is tripled.
Question:Many drugs decompose in blood by a first-order process.
(a) Two tablets of aspirin supply 0.60 g of the active compound. After 30 min, this compound reaches a maximum concentration of 2 mg/100 mL of blood. If the half-life for its breakdown is 90 min, what is its concentration (in mg/100 mL) 2.5 h after it reaches its maximum concentration?
(b) For the decomposition of an antibiotic in a person with a normal temperature ; for a person with a fever at , . If the person with the fever must take another pill when of the first pill has decomposed, how many hours should she wait to take a second pill? A third pill? (Assume the pill is effective immediately.)
(c) Calculate Ea for decomposition of the antibiotic in part (b).
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