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Chapter 16: Q16.7 P (page 728)

Define reaction rate, assuming constant temperature and a closed reaction vessel, why does the rate change with time?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The answer is,

Reaction rate is the rate or speed with which the reaction of substance in a closed taking place at a constant temperature.

Step by step solution

01

Rate of a reaction

The rate of a reaction is always depended on the factors like temperature, pressure of the vessel, surface area of the reactants, use of catalyst, etc. The catalysts are the substance that can be used to increase the rate of a reaction by decreasing the activation energy of the reactant substances.

02

Explanation

The rate of the reaction or the reaction rate is the rate or speed at which the reactant substances in a closed vessel undergo reaction at a constant temperature. The reaction rate always changes with time. The change can be positive (increase) or negative (decrease). This change is due to the change in concentration of the reactant substances with time. As time goes, the reactant undergoes reaction to give the products.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Assume water boils at 1000C in Houston (near sea level), and at 900C in Cripple Creek, Colorado (near 9500 ft). If it takes 4.8 min to cook an egg in Cripple Creek and 4.5 min in Houston, what isEa for this process?

For the reaction , [C] vs. time is plotted:

How do you determine each of the following?

(a) The average rate over the entire experiment

(b) The reaction rate at time x

(c) The initial reaction rate

(d) Would the values in parts (a), (b) and (c) be different if you plotted [D] vs. time? Explain.

The rate constant of a reaction is 4.7脳10-3s-1at 250C, and the activation energy is 33.6 kJ/mol. What is k at 750C?

For the decomposition of gaseous dinitrogen pentaoxide, 2N2O5(g)鈫�4NO2(g)+O2(g) , the rate constant isk=2.8脳10-3s-1 at600C . The initial concentration ofN2O5 is 1.58 mol/L.

(a) What is[N2O5] after 5.00 min?

(b) What fraction of theN2O5 has decomposed after 5.00 min?

Consider the following organic reaction, in which one halogen replaces another in an alkyl halide:

CH3CH2Br+Kl鈫�CH3CH2l+KBr

In acetone, this particular reaction goes to completion because KI is soluble in acetone but KBr is not. In the mechanism, I approach the carbon opposite to the Br (see Figure 16.19, withl-

instead of OH- ). After Br- has been replaced by l-and precipitates as KBr, other I ions react with the ethyl iodide by the same mechanism.

(a) If we designate the carbon bonded to the halogen as C-1, what are the shapes around C-1 and the hybridization of C-1 in ethyl iodide?

(b) In the transition state, one of the two lobes of the unhybridized 2p orbital of C-1 overlaps a p orbital of I, while the other lobe overlaps a p orbital of Br. What are the shape around C-1 and the hybridization of C-1 in the transition state?

(c) The deuterated reactant, CH3CHDBr(where D is deuterium, 2 H), has two optical isomers because C-1 is chiral. If the reaction is run with one of the isomers, the ethyl iodide is not optically active. Explain
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