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Chapter 16: Q52P (page 731)

What is the central idea of collision theory? How does this idea explain the effect of concentration on reaction rate?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The central idea of collision theory is that reactant molecules must collide with each other in order to react. Thus, the total number of collisions per unit of time predicts the rate of a reaction. Further, this theory explains that the reaction rate depends upon the product of the concentrations of the reactants.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1: What is the central idea of collision theory?

Collision theory is a mathematical model for predicting the speeds of chemical reactions, especially in gases. The collision hypothesis assumes that for a reaction to occur, the reacting species (atoms or molecules) must come together or collide with one another.

02

How does this idea explain the effect of concentration on reaction rate?

The core principle of collision theory is that reactant molecules must collide with one another to react. As a result, the pace of response is predicted by the total number of collisions per unit of time. This theory also explains that the product of the reactant concentrations determines the reaction rate.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Is the rate of an overall reaction lower, higher, or equal to the average rate of the individual steps? Explain.

Consider the following organic reaction, in which one halogen replaces another in an alkyl halide:

CH3CH2Br+Kl鈫�CH3CH2l+KBr

In acetone, this particular reaction goes to completion because KI is soluble in acetone but KBr is not. In the mechanism, I approach the carbon opposite to the Br (see Figure 16.19, withl-

instead of OH- ). After Br- has been replaced by l-and precipitates as KBr, other I ions react with the ethyl iodide by the same mechanism.

(a) If we designate the carbon bonded to the halogen as C-1, what are the shapes around C-1 and the hybridization of C-1 in ethyl iodide?

(b) In the transition state, one of the two lobes of the unhybridized 2p orbital of C-1 overlaps a p orbital of I, while the other lobe overlaps a p orbital of Br. What are the shape around C-1 and the hybridization of C-1 in the transition state?

(c) The deuterated reactant, CH3CHDBr(where D is deuterium, 2 H), has two optical isomers because C-1 is chiral. If the reaction is run with one of the isomers, the ethyl iodide is not optically active. Explain

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(a) Which variable determines whether an alkene will be hydrogenated or dehydrogenated?

(b) Which reaction requires a higher temperature?

(c) How can all-trans fats arise during the hydrogenation of fats that contain some cis-double bonds?

Question:For the decomposition of gaseous dinitrogen pentaoxide,

2N5g鈫�4NO2g+O2g,the rate constant is k =2.8脳10-3s-1at60掳C.Theinitial concentration of N2O5is 1.58 mol/L.

(a) What N2O5after 5.00 min?

(b) What fraction of theN2O5has decomposed after 5.00 min?

A gas reacts with a solid presence in large chunks. Then the reaction is run again with the solid pulverized. How does the increase in the surface area of the solid affect the rate of its reaction with the gas? Explain.
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