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Chapter 8: Problem 15

Explain why a translocation cross occurs during metaphase of meiosis I when a cell contains a reciprocal translocation.

Short Answer

Expert verified
In a cell with a reciprocal translocation, a translocation cross occurs during metaphase of meiosis I due to the exchange of chromosome parts between two non-homologous chromosomes. This leads to a quadrivalent structure for maintaining synapsis and crossing over. However, the quadrivalent alignment can cause abnormal segregation during anaphase, leading to genetic imbalances.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Reciprocal Translocation

Reciprocal translocation involves two non-homologous chromosomes where parts of each chromosome are exchanged. This exchange can affect the position of genes and their regulation.
02

Recognize the Process of Metaphase I in Meiosis

Metaphase in meiosis I is the stage where the homologous chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate. Spindle fibers from both the poles attach to kinetochores of homologous chromosomes.
03

Identifying Translocation Cross

Chromosomes with reciprocal translocations do not align linearly during metaphase of meiosis I. Instead, they form a structure known as a quadrivalent or a translocation cross due to the swapping of the chromosome fragments. This is due to the need to maintain synapsis and crossing over between homologous segments during meiosis.
04

Effect of Translocation Cross

The alignment in the shape of a translocation cross may lead to abnormal segregation patterns during anaphase I. It can cause genetically unbalanced gametes leading to genetic disorders or miscarriages in organisms.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Meiotic nondisjunction usually occurs during meiosis I. What is not separating properly: bivalents or sister chromatids? What is not separating properly during mitotic nondisjunction?

An inversion heterozygote has the following inverted chromosome: What would be the products if a crossover occurred between genes \(H\) and \(I\) on the inverted chromosome and a normal chromosome?

Which changes in chromosome structure cause a change in the total amount of genetic material, and which do not?

The karyotype of a young girl who is affected with familial Down syndrome revealed a total of 46 chromosomes. Her older brother, however, who is phenotypically unaffected, actually had 45 chromosomes. Explain how this could happen. What would you expect to be the numbers of chromosomes in the parents of these two children?

Explain why inversions and reciprocal translocations do not usually cause a phenotypic effect. In a few cases, however, they do. Explain how.
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