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Chapter 8: Problem 15

Explain why a translocation cross occurs during metaphase of meiosis I when a cell contains a reciprocal translocation.

Short Answer

Expert verified
In a cell with a reciprocal translocation, a translocation cross occurs during metaphase of meiosis I due to the exchange of chromosome parts between two non-homologous chromosomes. This leads to a quadrivalent structure for maintaining synapsis and crossing over. However, the quadrivalent alignment can cause abnormal segregation during anaphase, leading to genetic imbalances.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Reciprocal Translocation

Reciprocal translocation involves two non-homologous chromosomes where parts of each chromosome are exchanged. This exchange can affect the position of genes and their regulation.
02

Recognize the Process of Metaphase I in Meiosis

Metaphase in meiosis I is the stage where the homologous chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate. Spindle fibers from both the poles attach to kinetochores of homologous chromosomes.
03

Identifying Translocation Cross

Chromosomes with reciprocal translocations do not align linearly during metaphase of meiosis I. Instead, they form a structure known as a quadrivalent or a translocation cross due to the swapping of the chromosome fragments. This is due to the need to maintain synapsis and crossing over between homologous segments during meiosis.
04

Effect of Translocation Cross

The alignment in the shape of a translocation cross may lead to abnormal segregation patterns during anaphase I. It can cause genetically unbalanced gametes leading to genetic disorders or miscarriages in organisms.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Female fruit flies homozygous for the X-linked white-eye allele are crossed to males with red eyes. On very rare occasions, an offspring of such a cross is a male with red eyes. Assuming these rare offspring are not due to a new mutation in one of the mother's \(\mathrm{X}\) chromosomes that converted the white-eye allele into a red-eye allele, explain how a red-eyed male arises.

Meiotic nondisjunction is much more likely than mitotic nondisjunction. Based on this observation, would you conclude that meiotic nondisjunction is usually due to nondisjunction during meiosis I or meiosis II? Explain your reasoning.

Why do you think that humans with trisomy chromosome 13,18 , or 21 can survive but other trisomies are lethal? Even though \(\mathrm{X}\) chromosomes are large, aneuploidy of this chromosome is also tolerated. Explain why.

Explain why small deletions and duplications are less likely to have a detrimental effect on an individual's phenotype than large ones. If a small deletion within a single chromosome happens to have a phenotypic effect, what would you conclude about the genes in the region affected by the deletion?

A diploid fruit fly has eight chromosomes. How many total chromosomes would be found in the following flies? A. Tetraploid B. Trisomy 2 C. Monosomy 3 D. \(3 n\) E. \(4 n+1\)
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