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Chapter 8: Problem 1

Which changes in chromosome structure cause a change in the total amount of genetic material, and which do not?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Deletion and duplication change the total amount of genetic material as deletion loses a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA and duplication causes sequences to repeat on the chromosome. On the other hand, inversion and translocation do not change the total amount but only move the genetic material around. Non-disjunction can cause changes in the amount of genetic material in the daughter cells, although it's more about the number of chromosomes rather than their structure.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Types of Chromosome Structure Changes

Chromosome structure changes can occur in several ways, including deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation, and non-disjunction.
02

Analyze Changes That Alter Total Amount of Genetic Material

Deletion and duplication are the types of changes in chromosome structure that cause a change in the total amount of genetic material. In deletion, a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is lost during the DNA replication, decreasing the total. Duplication results in the replication of a part of a chromosome leading to sequences that are repeated on the chromosome, increasing the total.
03

Analyze Changes That Do Not Alter Total Amount of Genetic Material

Inversion and translocation do not alter the total amount of genetic material but change the location of the genetic material. Inversion refers to a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end, whereas translocation refers to the process where one segment of a chromosome gets translocated to another chromosome or another part of the same chromosome.
04

Mention Special Cases

Non-disjunction usually occurs during cell division resulting in one or more daughter cells having an extra chromosome or missing a chromosome. It does change the amount of genetic material, however, the context is a bit different since this usually a change in the number of chromosomes, not the structure per se.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Aneuploidy is typically detrimental, whereas polyploidy is sometimes beneficial, particularly in plants. Discuss why you think this is the case.

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An inversion heterozygote has the following inverted chromosome: What would be the products if a crossover occurred between genes \(H\) and \(I\) on the inverted chromosome and a normal chromosome?

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