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Chapter 8: Problem 20

Aneuploidy is typically detrimental, whereas polyploidy is sometimes beneficial, particularly in plants. Discuss why you think this is the case.

Short Answer

Expert verified
While aneuploidy can cause harmful effects because of an uneven number of chromosomes leading to gene imbalance, Polyploidy may be beneficial in plants as it can lead to increases in size, tolerance to environmental stress, disease resistance and genetic flexibility.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Aneuploidy and Polyploidy

To begin with, clarify the definitions of aneuploidy and polyploidy. Aneuploidy occurs when an organism has one or more extra or missing chromosomes, leading to an imbalance in gene expression which is typically detrimental. Polyploidy, on the other hand, refers to the condition of having more than two complete sets of chromosomes, which can sometimes be beneficial.
02

Delving into Aneuploidy

Due to the uneven number of chromosomes, aneuploidy can result in a wide range of congenital disabilities and diseases in humans, such as Down syndrome, Turner's syndrome, etc. Organisms with aneuploidy suffer various issues, such as improper cell division, which can hinder the overall growth and development of the organism.
03

Exploring the benefits of Polyploidy

Polyploidy can offer beneficial effects particularly in plants, landing them with several advantages. One notable benefit is their increased size. Polyploid plants are larger in size compared to their diploid counterparts. In addition, they also demonstrate increased tolerance to environmental stress and resistance to disease.
04

Reason for contrasting effects of Aneuploidy and Polyploidy

The key reason behind aneuploidy being harmful could be the gene imbalance it causes, disrupting the delicate genetic equilibrium required for well-controlled growth and development.On the other hand, polyploidy might be beneficial in plants because it provides genetic redundancy, which protects against harmful mutations and offers flexibility in adapting to environmental changes.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is endopolyploidy? What is its biological significance?

Female fruit flies homozygous for the X-linked white-eye allele are crossed to males with red eyes. On very rare occasions, an offspring of such a cross is a male with red eyes. Assuming these rare offspring are not due to a new mutation in one of the mother's \(\mathrm{X}\) chromosomes that converted the white-eye allele into a red-eye allele, explain how a red-eyed male arises.

A diploid fruit fly has eight chromosomes. Which of the following terms should not be used to describe a fruit fly with four sets of chromosomes? A. Polyploid B. Aneuploid C. Euploid D. Tetraploid E. \(4 n\)

Explain how polytene chromosomes of Drosophila are produced and how they form a six-armed structure.

A person is born with one \(\mathrm{X}\) chromosome, zero \(\mathrm{Y}\) chromosomes, trisomy 21 , and two copies of the other chromosomes. How many chromosomes does this person have altogether? Explain whether this person is euploid or aneuploid.
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