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Chapter 8: Problem 40

Meiotic nondisjunction usually occurs during meiosis I. What is not separating properly: bivalents or sister chromatids? What is not separating properly during mitotic nondisjunction?

Short Answer

Expert verified
During meiotic nondisjunction, it is mainly the bivalents or tetrads- pairs of homologous chromosomes- that do not separate correctly. Conversely, in a process known as mitotic nondisjunction, it's the failure in the separation of the identical sister chromatids.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Meiotic Nondisjunction

This process usually occurs during meiosis I, the stage at which homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids, separate. Technically, the structures not separating correctly during this process are called bivalents or tetrads, which are pairs of homologous chromosomes.
02

Understanding Mitotic Nondisjunction

During mitosis, however, it is the sister chromatids that do not separate properly in the case of nondisjunction. These sister chromatids are essentially identical copies of a single chromosome that are supposed to be separated into two different daughter cells during mitotic division.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Describe three naturally occurring ways that chromosome number can change.

Which changes in chromosome structure cause a change in the total amount of genetic material, and which do not?

A diploid fruit fly has eight chromosomes. How many total chromosomes would be found in the following flies? A. Tetraploid B. Trisomy 2 C. Monosomy 3 D. \(3 n\) E. \(4 n+1\)

While conducting field studies on a chain of islands, you decide to karyotype two phenotypically identical groups of turtles, which are found on different islands. The turtles on one island have 24 chromosomes, but those on another island have 48 chromosomes. How would you explain this observation? How do you think the turtles with 48 chromosomes came into being? If you crossed the two types of turtles, would you expect the offspring to be phenotypically normal? Would you expect them to be fertile? Explain.

Explain why small deletions and duplications are less likely to have a detrimental effect on an individual's phenotype than large ones. If a small deletion within a single chromosome happens to have a phenotypic effect, what would you conclude about the genes in the region affected by the deletion?
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