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Chapter 8: Problem 36

Describe three naturally occurring ways that chromosome number can change.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Chromosome number can change naturally through three methods: nondisjunction, polyploidy, and chromosome rearrangement.

Step by step solution

01

Method 1: Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction refers to the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. In meiosis, this can result in gametes with more or fewer chromosomes than normal. A common example of this in humans is Trisomy 21, or Down syndrome, where an individual has an extra chromosome 21 due to nondisjunction.
02

Method 2: Polyploidy

Polyploidy refers to the presence of more than two complete sets of chromosomes, and is common in many plant species. It can result from a failure of cell division after chromosome duplication has occurred. This leads to a doubling effect of entire sets of chromosomes.
03

Method 3: Chromosome rearrangement

Chromosome rearrangement can result in a change in chromosome number through different processes such as deletions, duplications, inversions and translocations. These changes can lead to genetic diseases and disorders if vital genes are affected.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following terms should not be used to describe a human with three copies of chromosome 12 ? A. Polyploid B. Triploid C. Aneuploid D. Euploid E. \(2 n+1\) F. Trisomy 12

What is mosaicism? How is it produced?

Why do you think that humans with trisomy chromosome 13,18 , or 21 can survive but other trisomies are lethal? Even though \(\mathrm{X}\) chromosomes are large, aneuploidy of this chromosome is also tolerated. Explain why.

Explain how aneuploidy, deletions, and duplications cause genetic imbalances. Why do you think that deletions and monosomies are more detrimental than duplications and trisomies?

A diploid fruit fly has eight chromosomes. How many total chromosomes would be found in the following flies? A. Tetraploid B. Trisomy 2 C. Monosomy 3 D. \(3 n\) E. \(4 n+1\)
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