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Chapter 8: Problem 17

A diploid fruit fly has eight chromosomes. How many total chromosomes would be found in the following flies? A. Tetraploid B. Trisomy 2 C. Monosomy 3 D. \(3 n\) E. \(4 n+1\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The total number of chromosomes in these specific flies would be respectively: A. Tetraploid: 16 chromosomes, B. Trisomy 2: 9 chromosomes, C. Monosomy 3: 7 chromosomes, D. \(3n\): 12 chromosomes, E. \(4n+1\): 17 chromosomes.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Basics

Diploid organisms contain two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. A fruit fly normally has 8 chromosomes meaning it is diploid or \(2n\), where \(n=4\). Tetraploid means the organism has four complete sets of chromosomes (\(4n\)). Trisomy indicates one additional copy of chromosome (here it is for chromosome 2), leading to three copies of it instead of the usual two. Monosomy refers to the condition wherein one chromosome of a pair is missing, leading to \(2n-1\). Lastly, the \(3n\) and \(4n+1\) notations speak of three and four times the haploid number of chromosomes, plus one more respectively.
02

Calculating Chromosome Numbers

A. Tetraploid fruit flies have \(4n\) chromosomes. Since we established that \(n=4\), this would be \(4*4=16\) chromosomes. B. In a case of Trisomy 2, one additional chromosome 2 would be added. So, it would be the normal diploid number 8 plus 1, which equals \(8+1=9\) chromosomes. C. In the case of Monosomy 3, one chromosome 3 would be missing. So, it would be the diploid number 8 minus 1, that equals \(8-1=7\) chromosomes. D. In the \(3n\) case, this would denote \(3*4=12\) chromosomes as \(n=4\). E. The \(4n+1\) case would have \(4*4+1=17\) chromosomes.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A person is born with one \(\mathrm{X}\) chromosome, zero \(\mathrm{Y}\) chromosomes, trisomy 21 , and two copies of the other chromosomes. How many chromosomes does this person have altogether? Explain whether this person is euploid or aneuploid.

Table 8.1 shows that Turner syndrome occurs when an individual inherits one \(\mathrm{X}\) chromosome but lacks a second sex chromosome. Can Turner syndrome be due to nondisjunction during oogenesis, spermatogenesis, or both? If a phenotypically normal couple has a color-blind child (due to a recessive X-linked allele) with Turner syndrome, did nondisjunction occur during oogenesis or spermatogenesis in this child's parents? Explain your answer.

Why do you think that humans with trisomy chromosome 13,18 , or 21 can survive but other trisomies are lethal? Even though \(\mathrm{X}\) chromosomes are large, aneuploidy of this chromosome is also tolerated. Explain why.

Explain why inversions and reciprocal translocations do not usually cause a phenotypic effect. In a few cases, however, they do. Explain how.

Meiotic nondisjunction is much more likely than mitotic nondisjunction. Based on this observation, would you conclude that meiotic nondisjunction is usually due to nondisjunction during meiosis I or meiosis II? Explain your reasoning.
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