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Chapter 2: Problem 5

How can you determine whether an organism is heterozygous or homozygous for a dominant trait?

Short Answer

Expert verified
In genetics, an organism expressing a dominant trait can be determined to be homozygous or heterozygous by cross breeding it with an organism that is homozygous recessive. If any offspring expresses the recessive trait, the tested organism is heterozygous; if none do, it is likely homozygous dominant.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Genetics Terms

A homozygous organism has two copies of the same allele for a particular trait while a heterozygous organism has two different alleles for that trait. A trait is said to be dominant if the trait is expressed when at least one dominant allele is present.
02

Identifying the trait expression

The dominant trait will be expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous organisms. This is because homozygous organisms carry two dominant alleles and heterozygous organisms carry one dominant allele and one recessive allele. In both cases, the dominant trait will show up as it takes precedence over the recessive trait (which requires two copies to express itself).
03

Test Crossing

Determining if an organism exhibiting a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous for that trait involves breeding it with an organism that is homozygous recessive. This process is called a test cross. If any offspring express the recessive trait, then the original organism must be heterozygous. If all offspring express the dominant trait, the organism is likely homozygous. It's important to note that due to randomness in genetics, more offspring increase the accuracy of this test.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the difference between cross-fertilization and self-fertilization?

With regard to genotypes, what is a true-breeding organism?

An individual has the genotype \(A a B b C c\) and makes an abnormal gamete with the genotype \(A a B c\). Does this gamete violate the law of independent assortment or the law of segregation (or both)? Explain your answer.

In humans, the allele for brown eye color \((B)\) is dominant to that for blue eye color ( \(b\) ). If two heterozygous parents produce children, what are the following probabilities? A. The first two children have blue eyes. B. A total of four children, two with blue eyes and the other two with brown eyes. C. The first child has blue eyes, and the next two have brown eyes.

A true-breeding tall plant was crossed to a dwarf plant. Tallness is a dominant trait. The \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) individuals were allowed to self- fertilize. What are the following probabilities for the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) generation? A. The first plant is dwarf. B. The first plant is dwarf or tall. C. The first three plants are tall. D. For any seven plants, three are tall and four are dwarf. E. The first plant is tall, and then among the next four, two are tall and the other two are dwarf.
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