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Chapter 2: Problem 6

In your own words, describe Mendel's law of segregation. Do not use the word segregation in your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Mendel's law, without using the term 'segregation', states that every organism inherits two copies of each gene, one from each parent. However, during the formation of eggs or sperms, the two copies separate so that each germ cell carries only one copy of each gene. When offspring are produced, they inherit one copy of each gene from each parent, restoring the pair.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Components

The first step to write an answer is to understand the constituents of Mendel's law. This law talks essentially about genes, alleles, and how they are passed onto the next generation. Genes hold the instructions for our traits, and alleles are different versions of the same gene.
02

Explain the Genetic Transmission

In every organism, each inherited trait is determined by two alleles, one received from each parent. However, when germ cells (sperms or eggs) are produced, these two alleles separate from each other, and each germ cell carries only one allele for each inherited trait.
03

Illustrate the Result of This Transmission

When reproduction occurs, a germ cell from each parent - each carrying one allele for each trait - combines, and the offspring inherits one allele from each parent, restoring the pair. This is how traits are passed from parents to offspring, and it contributes to genetic variation within species.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Albinism, a condition characterized by a partial or total lack of skin pigment, is a recessive human trait. If a phenotypically unaffected couple produce an albino child, what is the probability that their next child will be albino?

Honeybees are unusual in that male bees (drones) have only one copy of each gene, but female bees have two copies of their genes. This difference arises because drones develop from eggs that have not been fertilized by sperm cells. In bees, the trait of long wings is dominant over short wings, and the trait of black eyes is dominant over white eyes. If a drone with short wings and black eyes was mated to a queen bee that is heterozygous for both genes, what are the predicted genotypes and phenotypes of male and female offspring? What are the phenotypic ratios if we assume an equal number of male and female offspring?

In cocker spaniels, solid coat color is dominant over spotted coat color. If two heterozygous dogs were crossed to each other, what would be the probability of the following combinations of offspring? A. A litter of five pups, four with solid fur and one with spotted fur. B. A first litter of six pups, four with solid fur and two with spotted fur, and then a second litter of five pups, all with solid fur. C. A first litter of five pups, the firstborn with solid fur, and then among the next four, three with solid fur and one with spotted fur, and then a second litter of seven pups in which the firstborn is spotted, the second born is spotted, and the remaining five are composed of four solid and one spotted animal. D. A litter of six pups, the firstborn with solid fur, the second born spotted, and among the remaining four pups, two with spotted fur and two with solid fur.

A true-breeding pea plant with round and green seeds was crossed to a true- breeding plant with wrinkled and yellow seeds. Round and yellow seeds are the dominant traits. The \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) plants were allowed to self-fertilize. What are the following probabilities for the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) generation? A. An \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plant with wrinkled, yellow seeds. B. Three out of three \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plants with round, yellow seeds. C. Five \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plants in the following order: two have round, yellow seeds; one has round, green seeds; and two have wrinkled, green seeds. D. An \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plant will not have round, yellow seeds.

Do you know the genotype of an individual with a recessive trait and/or a dominant trait? Explain your answer.
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