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Chapter 2: Problem 9

Do you know the genotype of an individual with a recessive trait and/or a dominant trait? Explain your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The genotype of an individual with a recessive trait can be definitively determined as homozygous recessive, while the genotype of an individual with a dominant trait cannot be definitively determined without additional information as they could be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Dominant and Recessive Traits

In genetics, dominant traits are those that are expressed or seen when a mixture of genes is present. Recessive traits are traits that are expressed only when two recessive genes are present. An individual having a dominant trait can have either two copies of the dominant gene (homozygous dominant) or one dominant and one recessive gene (heterozygous). For an individual to express a recessive trait, they must have two copies of the recessive gene (homozygous recessive).
02

Determine Genotype for Dominant Trait

If an individual expresses a dominant trait, it indicates the presence of at least one dominant gene in their genotype, but it doesn't specify the number. They could have two dominant genes (homozygous dominant), shown as \( AA \), or one dominant gene and one recessive gene (heterozygous), shown as \( Aa \). Therefore, without additional information, we cannot definitively determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant trait.
03

Determine Genotype for Recessive Trait

Conversely, when an individual expresses a recessive trait, it indicates the presence of two recessive genes in their genotype. An individual with a recessive trait must have two copies of the recessive gene (homozygous recessive), shown as \( aa \). In this case, we can definitively determine the genotype of an individual with a recessive trait, providing they are not a carrier of the trait.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A true-breeding pea plant with round and green seeds was crossed to a true- breeding plant with wrinkled and yellow seeds. Round and yellow seeds are the dominant traits. The \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) plants were allowed to self-fertilize. What are the following probabilities for the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) generation? A. An \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plant with wrinkled, yellow seeds. B. Three out of three \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plants with round, yellow seeds. C. Five \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plants in the following order: two have round, yellow seeds; one has round, green seeds; and two have wrinkled, green seeds. D. An \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plant will not have round, yellow seeds.

In a cross between a heterozygous tall pea plant and a dwarf plant, predict the ratios of the offspring's genotypes and phenotypes.

What is the difference between cross-fertilization and self-fertilization?

A cross was made between a white male dog and two different black females. The first female gave birth to eight black pups, and the second female gave birth to four white and three black pups. What are the likely genotypes of the male parent and the two female parents? Explain whether you are uncertain about any of the genotypes.

Ectrodactyly, also known as "lobster claw syndrome," is a recessive disorder in humans. If a phenotypically unaffected couple produces an affected offspring, what are the following probabilities? A. Both parents are heterozygotes. B. An offspring is a heterozygote. C. The next three offspring will be phenotypically unaffected. D. Any two out of the next three offspring will be phenotypically unaffected.
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