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Chapter 2: Problem 19

Albinism, a condition characterized by a partial or total lack of skin pigment, is a recessive human trait. If a phenotypically unaffected couple produce an albino child, what is the probability that their next child will be albino?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The probability that the next child will be an albino is 25% or 0.25.

Step by step solution

01

Recognize the Trait as Recessive

If both parents are phenotypically unaffected, this means that they do not outwardly express the trait for albinism, but they have produced an albino child, meaning they are both carriers of the gene. In terms of alleles, each parent carries one albino recessive allele (a) and one dominant non-albino allele (A). Thus, each parent's genotype can be represented as (Aa).
02

Use Punnett Square

A Punnett Square is a tool commonly used in genetic exercises to visualize all possible offspring genotypes resulting from a parent's genotype. In a Punnett Square, the mother's alleles (Aa) are placed on the top while the father's alleles (Aa) are placed on the side. The resulting boxes in the Punnett Square list all possible combinations of alleles: (AA, Aa, aA, aa)
03

Determine Probability

The number of albino offspring (aa) divided by the total number of offspring gives the desired probability. Out of the 4 possibilities, only 1 (the box with 'aa') represents an albino child. Hence the probability is \(\frac{1}{4}\) or 0.25, hence, 25%.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A pea plant that is heterozygous with regard to seed color (yellow is dominant to green) is allowed to self-fertilize. What are the predicted outcomes of genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?

A true-breeding tall pea plant was crossed to a true-breeding dwarf plant. What is the probability that an \(F_{1}\) individual will be truebreeding? What is the probability that an \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) individual will be a true-breeding tall plant?

On rare occasions, an organism may have three copies of a chromosome and therefore has three copies of the genes on that chromosome (instead of the usual number of two copies). For such a rare organism, the alleles for each gene usually segregate so that a gamete will contain one or two copies of the gene. Let's suppose that a rare pea plant has three copies of the chromosome that carries the height gene. Its genotype is TTt. The plant is also heterozygous for the seed color gene, \(Y y\), which is found on a different chromosome. With regard to both genes, how many types of gametes can this plant make, and in what proportions? (Assume that it is equally likely that a gamete will contain one or two copies of the height gene.)

Describe the difference between genotype and phenotype. Give three examples. Is it possible for two individuals to have the same phenotype but different genotypes?

In cocker spaniels, solid coat color is dominant over spotted coat color. If two heterozygous dogs were crossed to each other, what would be the probability of the following combinations of offspring? A. A litter of five pups, four with solid fur and one with spotted fur. B. A first litter of six pups, four with solid fur and two with spotted fur, and then a second litter of five pups, all with solid fur. C. A first litter of five pups, the firstborn with solid fur, and then among the next four, three with solid fur and one with spotted fur, and then a second litter of seven pups in which the firstborn is spotted, the second born is spotted, and the remaining five are composed of four solid and one spotted animal. D. A litter of six pups, the firstborn with solid fur, the second born spotted, and among the remaining four pups, two with spotted fur and two with solid fur.
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