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Chapter 2: Problem 11

A pea plant that is heterozygous with regard to seed color (yellow is dominant to green) is allowed to self-fertilize. What are the predicted outcomes of genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The predicted outcomes for the genotypes of the offspring are in a ratio of 1 YY : 2 Yy : 1 yy. This translates to a phenotypic ratio of 3 (yellow seeds) : 1 (green seeds).

Step by step solution

01

Define the parent genotype

Firstly, there is a need to identify the parental genotypes. Here, the pea plant is described as heterozygous. In genetic terms, 'heterozygous' tells that the plant has two different alleles for the trait being looked at. Here, it's seed color. The dominant trait is yellow and the recessive trait is green. So, it can be deduced that the pea plant has one allele for yellow seeds and one allele for green seeds. So the genotype is Yy.
02

Perform cross

Next, it is mentioned that the pea plant is self-fertilizing. This means the plant with genotype Yy is crossed with itself (Yy x Yy). So, draw a Punnett square for the cross to find out the potential genetic combinations of the offspring.
03

Construct Punnett square

\[ \begin{array}{c|cc} & Y & y \\\hlineY & YY & Yy \\y & Yy & yy\end{array} \] This is the Punnett square for the cross, where each box represents a possible genotype for the offspring.
04

Count genotypes and phenotypes

From the Punnett square, determine the ratio of potential offspring genotypes and phenotypes. There are 1 YY, 2 Yy, and 1 yy. This results in a genotypic ratio of 1:2:1 (YY:Yy:yy). Since yellow (Y) is dominant, both YY and Yy will have yellow seeds. The ratio of phenotypes is thus 3 (yellow): 1 (green).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

With regard to genotypes, what is a true-breeding organism?

How can you determine whether an organism is heterozygous or homozygous for a dominant trait?

A pea plant that is dwarf with green, wrinkled seeds was crossed to a true- breeding plant that is tall with yellow, round seeds. The \(F_{1}\) generation was allowed to self-fertilize. What types of gametes, and in what proportions, would the \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) generation make? What would be the ratios of genotypes and phenotypes of the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) generation?

Honeybees are unusual in that male bees (drones) have only one copy of each gene, but female bees have two copies of their genes. This difference arises because drones develop from eggs that have not been fertilized by sperm cells. In bees, the trait of long wings is dominant over short wings, and the trait of black eyes is dominant over white eyes. If a drone with short wings and black eyes was mated to a queen bee that is heterozygous for both genes, what are the predicted genotypes and phenotypes of male and female offspring? What are the phenotypic ratios if we assume an equal number of male and female offspring?

What are the expected phenotypic ratios from the following cross: Tt Rr yy Aa \(\times\) Tt rr \(Y Y A a\), where \(T=\) tall, \(t=\) dwarf, \(R=\) round, \(r=\) wrinkled, \(Y=\) yellow, \(y=\) green, \(A=\) axial, \(a=\operatorname{terminal} ; T, R\), \(Y\), and \(A\) are dominant alleles. Note: Consider using the multiplication method in answering this problem.
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