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Chapter 2: Problem 4

With regard to genotypes, what is a true-breeding organism?

Short Answer

Expert verified
A true-breeding organism, in terms of genotypes, is an organism that is homozygous for a certain trait, meaning it carries two identical alleles for the gene related to that trait. These organisms always pass the same physical (phenotypic) trait to their offspring over multiple generations.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Genotype

The term 'genotype' refers to the genetic constitution of an organism. This includes all genes that determine the particular traits or characteristics of an organism. In other words, it's the DNA sequence responsible for a particular trait.
02

Defining True-Breeding

A true-breeding organism, also known as a purebred, is an organism that always passes down certain phenotypic traits (i.e., physically observable characteristics) to its offspring of many generations. Strictly speaking, these organisms are homozygous for a specific trait.
03

Combining The Definitions

In the context of genotypes, a true-breeding organism refers to an organism that is homozygous for a certain trait. Meaning, it has two identical alleles for the gene related to that trait. When a true-breeding organism is involved in mating, all its offspring will inherit the same trait. In genetic studies, true-breeding organisms play a crucial role, particularly in creating hybrid types and studying genetic variations.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A cross was made between a white male dog and two different black females. The first female gave birth to eight black pups, and the second female gave birth to four white and three black pups. What are the likely genotypes of the male parent and the two female parents? Explain whether you are uncertain about any of the genotypes.

In cocker spaniels, solid coat color is dominant over spotted coat color. If two heterozygous dogs were crossed to each other, what would be the probability of the following combinations of offspring? A. A litter of five pups, four with solid fur and one with spotted fur. B. A first litter of six pups, four with solid fur and two with spotted fur, and then a second litter of five pups, all with solid fur. C. A first litter of five pups, the firstborn with solid fur, and then among the next four, three with solid fur and one with spotted fur, and then a second litter of seven pups in which the firstborn is spotted, the second born is spotted, and the remaining five are composed of four solid and one spotted animal. D. A litter of six pups, the firstborn with solid fur, the second born spotted, and among the remaining four pups, two with spotted fur and two with solid fur.

In people with maple syrup urine disease, the body is unable to metabolize the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. One of the symptoms is that the urine smells like maple syrup. An unaffected couple produced six children in the following order: unaffected daughter, affected daughter, unaffected son, unaffected son, affected son, and unaffected son. The youngest unaffected son and an unaffected woman have three children in the following order: affected daughter, unaffected daughter, and unaffected son. Draw a pedigree that describes this family. What type of inheritance (dominant or recessive) would you propose to explain maple syrup urine disease?

What is the difference between cross-fertilization and self-fertilization?

A true-breeding tall pea plant was crossed to a true-breeding dwarf plant. What is the probability that an \(F_{1}\) individual will be truebreeding? What is the probability that an \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) individual will be a true-breeding tall plant?
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