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Chapter 2: Problem 4

With regard to genotypes, what is a true-breeding organism?

Short Answer

Expert verified
A true-breeding organism, in terms of genotypes, is an organism that is homozygous for a certain trait, meaning it carries two identical alleles for the gene related to that trait. These organisms always pass the same physical (phenotypic) trait to their offspring over multiple generations.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Genotype

The term 'genotype' refers to the genetic constitution of an organism. This includes all genes that determine the particular traits or characteristics of an organism. In other words, it's the DNA sequence responsible for a particular trait.
02

Defining True-Breeding

A true-breeding organism, also known as a purebred, is an organism that always passes down certain phenotypic traits (i.e., physically observable characteristics) to its offspring of many generations. Strictly speaking, these organisms are homozygous for a specific trait.
03

Combining The Definitions

In the context of genotypes, a true-breeding organism refers to an organism that is homozygous for a certain trait. Meaning, it has two identical alleles for the gene related to that trait. When a true-breeding organism is involved in mating, all its offspring will inherit the same trait. In genetic studies, true-breeding organisms play a crucial role, particularly in creating hybrid types and studying genetic variations.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In humans, the allele for brown eye color \((B)\) is dominant to that for blue eye color ( \(b\) ). If two heterozygous parents produce children, what are the following probabilities? A. The first two children have blue eyes. B. A total of four children, two with blue eyes and the other two with brown eyes. C. The first child has blue eyes, and the next two have brown eyes.

Honeybees are unusual in that male bees (drones) have only one copy of each gene, but female bees have two copies of their genes. This difference arises because drones develop from eggs that have not been fertilized by sperm cells. In bees, the trait of long wings is dominant over short wings, and the trait of black eyes is dominant over white eyes. If a drone with short wings and black eyes was mated to a queen bee that is heterozygous for both genes, what are the predicted genotypes and phenotypes of male and female offspring? What are the phenotypic ratios if we assume an equal number of male and female offspring?

What is the difference between cross-fertilization and self-fertilization?

A true-breeding tall pea plant was crossed to a true-breeding dwarf plant. What is the probability that an \(F_{1}\) individual will be truebreeding? What is the probability that an \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) individual will be a true-breeding tall plant?

A true-breeding pea plant with round and green seeds was crossed to a true- breeding plant with wrinkled and yellow seeds. Round and yellow seeds are the dominant traits. The \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) plants were allowed to self-fertilize. What are the following probabilities for the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) generation? A. An \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plant with wrinkled, yellow seeds. B. Three out of three \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plants with round, yellow seeds. C. Five \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plants in the following order: two have round, yellow seeds; one has round, green seeds; and two have wrinkled, green seeds. D. An \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plant will not have round, yellow seeds.
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