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Chapter 2: Problem 2

What is the difference between cross-fertilization and self-fertilization?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Cross-fertilization involves the mixing of genetic material from two different organisms, resulting in more genetically diverse offspring. Self-fertilization involves a single organism using its own genetic material to reproduce, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

Step by step solution

01

Define Cross-fertilization

Cross-fertilization is a reproductive process found in plants and animals, where the sperm or pollen from one organism is used to fertilize the egg of another organism.
02

Define Self-fertilization

Self-fertilization, on the other hand, is a reproduction strategy where an individual organism fertilizes its own eggs with its own sperm or pollen.
03

Highlight Differences

The main difference between these two is the source of the genetic material. In cross-fertilization, two different organisms contribute their genetic material, leading to a greater genetic diversity in the offspring. This provides a survival advantage as it makes the population more resilient to changes in the environment. Meanwhile, in self-fertilization, the genetic material comes from the same organism, leading to offspring that are almost identical to the parent. This can be advantageous in stable environments where the parent's traits are well suited, but can limit the population's ability to adapt to changes.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In people with maple syrup urine disease, the body is unable to metabolize the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. One of the symptoms is that the urine smells like maple syrup. An unaffected couple produced six children in the following order: unaffected daughter, affected daughter, unaffected son, unaffected son, affected son, and unaffected son. The youngest unaffected son and an unaffected woman have three children in the following order: affected daughter, unaffected daughter, and unaffected son. Draw a pedigree that describes this family. What type of inheritance (dominant or recessive) would you propose to explain maple syrup urine disease?

Do you know the genotype of an individual with a recessive trait and/or a dominant trait? Explain your answer.

Describe the significance of nonparentals with regard to the law of independent assortment. In other words, explain how the appearance of nonparentals refutes a linkage hypothesis.

Ectrodactyly, also known as "lobster claw syndrome," is a recessive disorder in humans. If a phenotypically unaffected couple produces an affected offspring, what are the following probabilities? A. Both parents are heterozygotes. B. An offspring is a heterozygote. C. The next three offspring will be phenotypically unaffected. D. Any two out of the next three offspring will be phenotypically unaffected.

Honeybees are unusual in that male bees (drones) have only one copy of each gene, but female bees have two copies of their genes. This difference arises because drones develop from eggs that have not been fertilized by sperm cells. In bees, the trait of long wings is dominant over short wings, and the trait of black eyes is dominant over white eyes. If a drone with short wings and black eyes was mated to a queen bee that is heterozygous for both genes, what are the predicted genotypes and phenotypes of male and female offspring? What are the phenotypic ratios if we assume an equal number of male and female offspring?
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