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Chapter 2: Problem 1

Why did Mendel's work refute the idea of blending inheritance?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Mendel's work refuted the idea of blending inheritance by proposing that traits are passed as discrete units, or 'genes', from parents to offspring. His experimental results, showing distinct ratios of trait expression (not blended traits), supported his theories.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Blending Inheritance

Blending inheritance was a theory that the traits of offspring are a 'blend' or intermediate of the parents' traits. For instance, if one parent is tall and the other short, their offspring would be of medium height. This relies on the idea that traits are mixed in the offspring and result in an intermediate expression.
02

Mendel's Theories

Gregor Mendel proposed an alternate idea, saying that traits from parents are passed on as 'discrete units' (now known as genes), not blended. His two laws, the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment, suggest that each offspring takes one gene from each parent for every trait, and these genes retain their individuality from generation to generation.
03

Evidence from Mendel's Experiments

Mendel conducted breeding experiments using pea plants, focusing on several traits that had distinct forms (e.g., flower color could be either purple or white, not a blend of both). His results, showing clear ratios of trait expression among offspring, supported his theories, refuting the idea of blending inheritance, since traits were not blending, but rather appearing intact in predictable proportions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In humans, the allele for brown eye color \((B)\) is dominant to that for blue eye color ( \(b\) ). If two heterozygous parents produce children, what are the following probabilities? A. The first two children have blue eyes. B. A total of four children, two with blue eyes and the other two with brown eyes. C. The first child has blue eyes, and the next two have brown eyes.

A true-breeding pea plant with round and green seeds was crossed to a true- breeding plant with wrinkled and yellow seeds. Round and yellow seeds are the dominant traits. The \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) plants were allowed to self-fertilize. What are the following probabilities for the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) generation? A. An \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plant with wrinkled, yellow seeds. B. Three out of three \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plants with round, yellow seeds. C. Five \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plants in the following order: two have round, yellow seeds; one has round, green seeds; and two have wrinkled, green seeds. D. An \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) plant will not have round, yellow seeds.

A cross was made between a white male dog and two different black females. The first female gave birth to eight black pups, and the second female gave birth to four white and three black pups. What are the likely genotypes of the male parent and the two female parents? Explain whether you are uncertain about any of the genotypes.

In cocker spaniels, solid coat color is dominant over spotted coat color. If two heterozygous dogs were crossed to each other, what would be the probability of the following combinations of offspring? A. A litter of five pups, four with solid fur and one with spotted fur. B. A first litter of six pups, four with solid fur and two with spotted fur, and then a second litter of five pups, all with solid fur. C. A first litter of five pups, the firstborn with solid fur, and then among the next four, three with solid fur and one with spotted fur, and then a second litter of seven pups in which the firstborn is spotted, the second born is spotted, and the remaining five are composed of four solid and one spotted animal. D. A litter of six pups, the firstborn with solid fur, the second born spotted, and among the remaining four pups, two with spotted fur and two with solid fur.

How can you determine whether an organism is heterozygous or homozygous for a dominant trait?
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