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Chapter 20: Q. 54 (page 569)

Scientists studying the behavior of hydrogen at low temperatures need to lower the temperature of 0.50molof hydrogen gas from 300K to 30K. How much thermal energy must they remove from the gas?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The thermal energy of gas is鈮�2800J

Step by step solution

01

Definition of thermal energy

The internal energy inherent in a system in thermodynamic equilibrium, as characterised by its heat, appears to be thermal energy.

The conversion of thermal energy to productive tasks is more challenging than the conversion of energy from non-thermodynamically balanced systems.

02

Step 2:Explanation

We know that a diatomic gas' thermal energy is given by

Eth=52nRT

As a result, when we have a given change in thermal energy, 鈭�Tin temperature will be

螖Eth=52nR螖T

Applying numerically, we have

螖Eth=52路0.5路8.314路270=2806J

03

Thermal energy of gas

Thermal (heat) energy is produced by the movement of particles and is found in all matter. Thermodynamic energy is present in gas is2800J.

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9. Suppose you place an ice cube in a beaker of room-temperature water, then seal them in a rigid, well-insulated container. No energy can enter or leave the container.

a. If you open the container an hour later, will you find a beaker of water slightly cooler than room temperature, or a large ice cube and some 100掳Csteam?

b. Finding a large ice cube and some 100掳Csteam would not violate the first law of thermodynamics. W=0Jand Q=0Jbecause the container is sealed, and 螖Eth=0Jbecause the increase in thermal energy of the water molecules that became steam is offset by the decrease in thermal energy of the water molecules that turned to ice. Energy would be conserved, yet we never see an outcome like this. Why not?
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