Chapter 36: Q. 39 (page 1060)
At what speed, as a fraction of , is a particle’s kinetic energy twice its rest energy?
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Chapter 36: Q. 39 (page 1060)
At what speed, as a fraction of , is a particle’s kinetic energy twice its rest energy?
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In the earth’s reference frame, a tree is at the origin and a pole is at km. Lightning strikes both the tree and the pole at . The lightning strikes are observed by a rocket traveling in the -direction at .
a. What are the spacetime coordinates for these two events in the rocket’s reference frame?
b. Are the events simultaneous in the rocket’s frame? If not, which occurs first?
A modest supernova (the explosion of a massive star at the end of its life cycle) releases 1.5 * 1044 J of energy in a few seconds. This is enough to outshine the entire galaxy in which it occurs. Suppose a star with the mass of our sun collides with an antimatter star of equal mass, causing complete annihilation. What is the ratio of the energy released in this star-antistar collision to the energy released in the supernova?
Teenagers Sam and Tom are playing chicken in their rockets. As FIGURE Q36.2 shows, an experimenter on earth sees that each is traveling at as he approaches the other. Sam fires a laser beam toward Tom.
a. What is the speed of the laser beam relative to Sam?
b. What is the speed of the laser beam relative to Tom?
A 1.0 g particle has momentum 400,000 kgm/s. What is the particle’s speed in m/s?
The sun radiates energy at the rate . The source of this energy is fusion, a nuclear reaction in which mass is transformed into energy. The mass of the sun is .
a. How much mass does the sun lose each year?
b. What percent is this of the sun’s total mass?
c. Fusion takes place in the core of a star, where the temperature and pressure are highest. A star like the sun can sustain fusion until it has transformed about of its total mass into energy, then fusion ceases and the star slowly dies. Estimate the sun’s lifetime, giving your answer in billions of years.
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