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Some substances, such as metals and salty water, allow charges to move through them with relative ease. Some of the electrons in metals and similar conductors are not bound to individual atoms or sites in the material. These free electrons can move through the material much as air moves through loose sand. Any substance that has free electrons and allows charge to move relatively freely through it is called a conductor.

There are two ways of charging a conductor. The process of charging the uncharged object by bringing it in contact with another charged object is called charging by conduction. The process of charging, the uncharged object by bring another charged object near to it, but not touching it, is called charging by inductor.