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An object moving in a liquid experiences a linear drag force: Fdrag=(bv, direction opposite to the motion), where bis a constant called the drag coefficient. For a sphere of radius R,the drag constant can be computed as b=6R, where is the viscosity of the liquid.

a. Find an algebraic expression for vx(t), the x-component as a function of time, for a spherical particle of radius Rand mass mthat is shot horizontally with initial speed v0through a liquid of viscosity .

b. Water at 20Chas viscosity =1.010-3Ns/m2. Suppose a 4.0-cm-diameter, 33gball is shot horizontally into a tank of 20Clwater. How long will it take for the horizontal speed to decrease to 50%of its initial value?

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) The algebraic expression for liquid velocity is v(t)=v06nRvmt

(b) It take for the horizontal speed to decreasw the initial value is1.46min

Step by step solution

01

Drag Force Experienced By the Sphere (part a)

a) Given:

Drag force experienced by sphere in liquid Fdrag=bv

Radius of the sphere =R

b=6nR

Initial speed of sphere vi=vovi=vo

We need to determine the velocity of sphere with Time . As there is no other force except drag force in xdirection hence its velocity will be affected by drag force only. Also the drag force is opposite to the direction of motion, hence it will lead to decrease in speed with time.

To find speed variations with time we proceed as follow:

ma=-Fdrag

a=-Fdragm

Fdrag=6Rv

a=6Rvm

Using equation of motion:

vf=vi+at

vf=vo-6Rvmt

Hencev(t)=vo-6Rvmt

02

Time taken by the sphere. (part b)

b) Given

The coefficient of viscosity=110-3Ns/m2

Diameter d=4cm

R=2cm=0.02m

Mass m=33g=0.033Kg

To determine the time taken by sphere to reach 50%of initial speed.

Using the result of (a)

vf=vo-6Rvmt

0.5vo=vo-61.010-30.020.5v0.033t

f0.5\notp=f61.010-30.020.5\notx0.033t

t=87.57s=1.46min

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